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home·artworks·Worship of Golden Calf
Worship of Golden Calf by Jan Steen

plate no. 9361

Worship of Golden Calf

Jan Steen, 1677

oil, canvasBaroquereligious paintingfigureslandscapetreesmountainceremonycrowd
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in figure drawing, composition, and rendering complex scenes with many elements. It also provides practice in creating depth and atmosphere using color and value.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
1

study guide

est. 30 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Create a preliminary sketch to establish the overall composition and placement of major elements.

  2. step 02

    Block in the background elements, such as the mountain and sky, using broad strokes.

  3. step 03

    Establish the main figures in the foreground, focusing on their poses and proportions.

  4. step 04

    Begin adding details to the figures, including clothing, facial features, and accessories.

  5. step 05

    Develop the middle ground with the dancing figures and other background details.

  6. step 06

    Refine the lighting and shadows to create depth and dimension.

  7. step 07

    Add final details, such as textures and highlights, to bring the painting to life.

  8. step 08

    Glaze the painting to unify the colors and create a sense of atmosphere.

color palette

primary · burnt umber · yellow ochre · titanium white · ivory black

secondary · cadmium red · ultramarine blue · raw sienna

Achieve the warm, earthy tones by mixing burnt umber, yellow ochre, and titanium white. Use ultramarine blue and ivory black to create cool shadows and atmospheric effects.

techniques

  • ·glazing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·chiaroscuro
  • ·figure drawing
  • ·atmospheric perspective

common pitfalls

  • →Getting lost in the details too early without establishing the overall composition.
  • →Failing to create a sense of depth and atmosphere.
  • →Overworking the painting and losing the freshness of the brushstrokes.
  • →Inaccurate figure drawing and proportions.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·round brushes (various sizes)
  • ·flat brushes (various sizes)
  • ·linseed oil

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·medium gloss
  • ·retouch varnish

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. A medium-sized canvas (e.g., 18x24 inches) is recommended for this project.

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related guides

oil painting for beginners →chiaroscuro →how to learn by studying the masters →
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