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home·artworks·The Knitting Lesson
The Knitting Lesson by Jean-Francois Millet

plate no. 9199

The Knitting Lesson

Jean-Francois Millet, 1869

oil, canvasRealismgenre paintingfiguresknittingdomestic sceneclothingyarnlesson
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in rendering figures in a dimly lit environment and understanding how to create form with subtle value changes. It also provides practice in depicting fabric and textures.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
4

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the placement and proportions of the figures.

  2. step 02

    Establish the dark background using a thin wash of dark brown or black.

  3. step 03

    Block in the main shapes of the figures with mid-tone colors, paying attention to the light source.

  4. step 04

    Start building up the values, gradually adding highlights and shadows to define the forms.

  5. step 05

    Focus on the details of the faces, hands, and knitting, using smaller brushes.

  6. step 06

    Refine the clothing and fabric folds, paying attention to how the light interacts with the material.

  7. step 07

    Add the details of the yarn and knitting needles, using light colors to create contrast.

  8. step 08

    Make final adjustments to the values and colors to create a sense of depth and realism.

color palette

primary · ultramarine blue · burnt umber · yellow ochre

secondary · titanium white · raw sienna

Achieve the subtle skin tones by mixing yellow ochre, burnt umber, and titanium white. Use ultramarine blue and burnt umber to create the darker tones in the background and shadows.

techniques

  • ·chiaroscuro
  • ·glazing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·blending

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details too early in the process.
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure.
  • →Using colors that are too saturated.
  • →Ignoring the subtle shifts in color temperature.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·ultramarine blue oil paint
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·flat brushes (sizes 4, 8)
  • ·linseed oil

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·medium (e.g. Liquin)
  • ·varnish

Use a canvas with a smooth texture to facilitate blending. Consider using a medium to improve the flow of the paint.

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oil painting for beginners →how to learn by studying the masters →
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