The first schoolday

Sketch the composition lightly. Focus on the placement of figures and the setting, ensuring the scene captures a moment of action or daily life.

Tip — Ensure the drawing supports the dramatic lighting and composition typical of Baroque genre painting.

Underdrawing

Apply an initial layer of paint. For solid light passages, paint without a medium to allow for quicker drying and easier adjustment. Use mastic or amber varnish with colors to steady the paint if necessary.

Tip — Avoid using too much oil in the first layer to prevent slow drying.

Underpainting

Begin applying colors, paying attention to simultaneous contrast. When placing two colored objects next to each other, remember that each will appear modified by the complementary color of the other.

Tip — Perceive and imitate the modifications of light and color caused by contiguous colors.

Simultaneous contrast

Refine the colors and tones. To darken a color, use its complementary color rather than black to avoid undesirable hue shifts. To lighten, use white but correct any hue shift with a small amount of an adjacent color.

Tip — Avoid adding black to yellows, oranges, or reds, as this can shift them toward greenish or bluish tones.

Color mixing

Complete the painting by ensuring the dramatic lighting and rich colors are balanced. Check for any areas where the eye might be fatigued by unclear color modifications.

Tip — Ensure the painting evokes the intended emotion and passion, consistent with Baroque style.

Finishing

Apply a final varnish to protect the painting and enhance the colors.

Tip — Use a traditional varnish like damar to match the historical practice.

Varnishing

Prepare the canvas. If the initial layer of paint does not settle, use blotting paper to absorb excess oil or remove the paint with a palette knife and clean the surface.

Tip — Watch for paint that 'works up' or leaves the canvas when worked over.

Canvas preparation