plate no. 7411
Constantinople (Now Istanbul), the Hippodrome
Ippolito Caffi, 1843
study guide
est. 12 hrsapproach — 8 steps
- step 01
Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the placement of the buildings, minarets, and figures.
- step 02
Establish the horizon line and the overall perspective of the scene.
- step 03
Block in the main color areas of the sky, buildings, and ground, using thin washes of color.
- step 04
Develop the sky with blended layers of orange, yellow, and blue, creating a sense of depth and atmosphere.
- step 05
Add details to the buildings and minarets, paying attention to their shapes and proportions.
- step 06
Paint the figures in the foreground and background, using small brushstrokes to suggest movement and activity.
- step 07
Refine the details of the landscape, adding trees, bushes, and other elements to create a sense of realism.
- step 08
Add final highlights and shadows to enhance the overall sense of depth and dimension.
color palette
primary · yellow ochre · burnt umber · ultramarine blue
secondary · titanium white · cadmium orange · raw sienna
Achieve the sky colors by mixing yellow ochre, cadmium orange, and titanium white. Use burnt umber and ultramarine blue for shadows and darker areas.
techniques
- ·atmospheric perspective
- ·glazing
- ·scumbling
- ·dry brushing
- ·alla prima
common pitfalls
- →Failing to establish a strong sense of perspective.
- →Overworking the details and losing the overall sense of atmosphere.
- →Using colors that are too saturated or intense.
- →Ignoring the effects of light and shadow on the forms.
materials
surface · stretched canvas
required
- ·stretched canvas
- ·oil paints
- ·palette
- ·palette knife
- ·linseed oil
- ·turpentine
- ·assorted brushes
- ·rags
optional
- ·medium gloss
- ·easel
- ·mahl stick
Use a medium-grain canvas for best results. Consider using a toned ground to help establish the overall color harmony.
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