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home·artworks·Carrying the Cross
Carrying the Cross by Juan de Valdes Leal

plate no. 2629

Carrying the Cross

Juan de Valdes Leal, 1661

oil, canvasBaroquereligious paintingfigurecrossreligious scenecrowdlandscapedark
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in creating dramatic lighting and rendering figures in motion. It also provides practice in using a limited palette to create a cohesive and atmospheric scene.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
3

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Prepare a toned canvas with a warm brown underpainting.

  2. step 02

    Lightly sketch the main figures and the cross, focusing on proportions and placement.

  3. step 03

    Block in the darkest areas with a mix of burnt umber and black.

  4. step 04

    Begin to build up the mid-tones using mixtures of brown, ochre, and white.

  5. step 05

    Add highlights to the figures and the cross, using lighter shades of ochre and white.

  6. step 06

    Refine the details of the figures' faces and clothing, paying attention to the direction of light.

  7. step 07

    Create a sense of depth by blurring the background figures and softening the edges.

  8. step 08

    Add final touches and glazes to enhance the overall atmosphere.

color palette

primary · burnt umber · ivory black · yellow ochre

secondary · titanium white · raw sienna · red oxide

Achieve the dark tones by mixing burnt umber and black. Use yellow ochre and white for highlights. Mix small amounts of red oxide for subtle warmth in the skin tones.

techniques

  • ·chiaroscuro
  • ·glazing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·atmospheric perspective

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details too early in the process.
  • →Creating muddy colors by overmixing.
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure.
  • →Losing the sense of depth and atmosphere.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·turpentine
  • ·assorted brushes (round and flat)

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·medium (e.g., Liquin)
  • ·varnish

A canvas with a medium texture is recommended. Consider using a pre-toned canvas to save time.

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related guides

oil painting for beginners →chiaroscuro →how to learn by studying the masters →
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