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home·artworks·A Dutch Courtyard
A Dutch Courtyard by Pieter de Hooch

plate no. 6581

A Dutch Courtyard

Pieter de Hooch, 1658

oil, canvasBaroquegenre paintingfigurescourtyardarchitecturebrickfencetree

From the record

Dimensions
69.5 cm high × 60 cm wide
Institution
Andrew W. Mellon collection
Location
Netherlands
Inception
1658
Materials
oil paint, canvas
Movement
Dutch Golden Age painting, Delft school

Wikipedia article · Wikidata item Q19939031

from the sources

  • The painting is an oil-on-canvas work by Pieter de Hooch and the original is held by the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. en.wikipedia.org

    “The original resides in the collection of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.”

  • The tower of the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft is visible over the palisade, which places the painting in De Hooch's Delft period. en.wikipedia.org

    “Over the wooden palisade to the far left, the tower of Niewue Kerk in Delft is visible, making clear that this painting originates from De Hooch's Delft period”

  • The scene shows a pair of soldiers joking with a serving woman in a walled courtyard beside a brick house. en.wikipedia.org

    “In a walled courtyard beside a brick house, a pair of soldiers enjoy banter with a serving woman.”

  • Infrared reflectography and visual examination revealed that De Hooch made several changes to the composition while painting. en.wikipedia.org

    “Thorough visual examination and infrared reflectography conducted at 1.2 to 2.5 microns reveal several modifications made by the artist.”

  • Infrared imaging in 2019 revealed underdrawings of ship masts next to the Nieuwe Kerk tower. en.wikipedia.org

    “In 2019, infrared imaging revealed unexpected underdrawings of ship masts adjacent to the Nieuwe Kerk tower.”

  • The painting underwent a restoration in 2002 that inpainted areas of abrasion. en.wikipedia.org

    “A restoration effort in 2002 addressed these abrasions, involving inpainting to seamlessly integrate them with the overall composition.”

  • The Mauritshuis holds an autograph replica of the painting, said to be of lower quality. en.wikipedia.org

    “An autograph replica, said to be of lower quality, is present in the Mauritshuis, The Hague.”

  • The painting was given to the National Gallery of Art in 1937 by the A.W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, to which it had been deeded in December 1934. en.wikipedia.org

    “In December 1934 'A Dutch Courtyard' was deeded to The A.W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, who gifted the painting to the National Gallery of Art in 1937.”

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, including the placement of figures, buildings, and the horizon line.

  2. step 02

    Establish the main shapes and proportions of the figures and architectural elements.

  3. step 03

    Block in the main color areas, focusing on the overall value structure.

  4. step 04

    Begin refining the details of the figures, including clothing folds and facial features.

  5. step 05

    Add details to the architectural elements, such as brick patterns and window frames.

  6. step 06

    Develop the background elements, including the trees and sky, paying attention to atmospheric perspective.

  7. step 07

    Refine the lighting and shadows to create depth and dimension.

  8. step 08

    Add final details and highlights to complete the painting.

color palette

primary · burnt umber · raw sienna · titanium white · red ochre

secondary · ultramarine blue · ivory black

Achieve the muted tones by mixing earth tones with white and small amounts of blue or black. Use glazes to create depth in shadows.

techniques

  • ·glazing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·figure drawing
  • ·rendering brick texture

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking details too early
  • →Incorrect proportions of figures
  • →Failing to establish a clear value structure
  • →Ignoring atmospheric perspective

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·raw sienna oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·red ochre oil paint
  • ·ultramarine blue oil paint
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·#4 round brush

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·turpentine
  • ·medium gloss

Use a medium-grain canvas for best results. Consider using a toned ground to simplify the initial blocking-in stage.

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oil painting for beginners →chiaroscuro →how to learn by studying the masters →
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