View of the source and the caverns of Egeria

Begin with a light sketch to establish the main architectural forms and the horizon line.

Establish the darkest areas of the image, focusing on shadows and areas of dense foliage.

Use hatching and cross-hatching to build up the mid-tones, varying the density of lines to create different values.

Pay close attention to the direction of light and how it affects the forms of the buildings and landscape.

Add details to the architectural elements, such as the columns, pediment, and stonework.

Render the figures in the foreground, paying attention to their proportions and poses.

Create the sky with subtle variations in value to suggest clouds and atmosphere.

Add final details and refine the values to create a sense of depth and realism.