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home·artworks·Plate 101 Raven
Plate 101 Raven by John James Audubon

plate no. 4793

Plate 101 Raven

John James Audubon

oilNaturalismillustrationravenbirdleavesbranchnutsfoliage
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in layering colors to create depth and texture, and in accurately depicting botanical and ornithological details. It also provides practice in rendering realistic light and shadow.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
3

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Lightly sketch the basic shapes of the raven, branch, leaves, and nuts.

  2. step 02

    Block in the main areas of color: the black of the raven, the greens and browns of the foliage, and the gray of the branch.

  3. step 03

    Begin layering darker values on the raven to define its form and create the illusion of feathers.

  4. step 04

    Add highlights to the raven using slightly lighter shades of gray and blue.

  5. step 05

    Develop the details of the leaves, varying the greens and browns to create a naturalistic effect.

  6. step 06

    Paint the nuts, paying attention to their texture and the shadows they cast.

  7. step 07

    Refine the details of the branch, adding texture and subtle color variations.

  8. step 08

    Add final details and highlights to the entire painting.

color palette

primary · black · green · brown · gray

secondary · yellow · blue

Achieve the raven's black by mixing black with small amounts of blue and brown. Mix various shades of green by combining yellow and blue, and adjust with brown for muted tones. Use white to create highlights and lighter shades of gray.

techniques

  • ·layering
  • ·blending
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·glazing

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details and losing the overall sense of form.
  • →Using too much black without adding subtle color variations.
  • →Creating flat, lifeless greens by not varying the shades.
  • →Ignoring the subtle highlights and shadows that give the painting depth.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·acrylic or oil paints
  • ·round brushes (various sizes)
  • ·flat brushes (various sizes)
  • ·palette
  • ·palette knife
  • ·linseed oil (if using oil paints)
  • ·mineral spirits (for cleaning brushes)

optional

  • ·easel
  • ·painting medium
  • ·varnish

Use high-quality paints for best results. Consider using a toned canvas to create a more harmonious color palette.

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