Parasites on Beech Trees, Chili

surface prep

The surface should be prepared to accept oil paint. While North’s specific ground preparation is not detailed in the sources, traditional oil painting techniques of the era involved priming the canvas to create a stable base. The artist should ensure the surface is smooth enough to allow for the fine detail characteristic of botanical naturalism, but textured enough to hold the paint layers. (Source 1)

underdrawing

Begin by sketching the subject onto the canvas with charcoal or thinned paint. This initial drawing establishes the composition and placement of the beech trees and parasites. Marianne North, being a biologist, likely relied on precise observational drawing to ensure botanical accuracy before applying paint. (Source 1, Source 3)

underpainting

Apply a thin layer of paint mixed with solvent (lean) to establish the basic tones and values. This layer should dry completely before proceeding. The 'fat over lean' rule dictates that this initial layer must contain less oil than subsequent layers to prevent cracking. (Source 1)

Fat over Lean

Each additional layer of paint should contain more oil than the layer below to allow proper drying and prevent cracking. This is a basic rule of oil paint application.

Botanical Accuracy

North’s practice involved painting flora with scientific precision, likely requiring careful observation and detailed rendering of plant structures.

Layering

Oil paint allows for layering, enabling the artist to adjust color, texture, and form. This technique is essential for achieving the depth and realism seen in North’s work.