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home·artworks·The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti
The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti by Sandro Botticelli

plate no. 9592

The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti

Sandro Botticelli, 1483

panel, temperaEarly Renaissanceillustrationfiguresarchitecturetablescolumnsarcheslandscape

recreation guide

The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti (1483) is a tempera-on-panel work by Sandro Botticelli, measuring 83 x 138 cm, currently held in the Museo del Prado (Source 1). It is the first of a series of four paintings illustrating the eighth tale of the fifth day from Boccaccio’s Decameron, likely commissioned by Lorenzo de' Medici for a wedding gift (Source 1). The artwork is distinctive for its strong narrative character, employing a 'late medieval procedure' that shows successive scenes within a single picture, requiring three separate representations of the protagonist, Nastagio (Source 1). The composition balances dramatic action with formal elegance, using slender figures and graceful gestures to create a 'magical suspension between fable and reality' (Source 1). Visually, it relies on a grid-like structure formed by tall, upright tree trunks and a horizontal seascape in the background to achieve depth (Source 1).

estimated time

40-60 hours over 6-8 sessions (tempera requires multiple thin layers and drying time between applications)

materials

7 items

steps

5 in sequence

materials

itempurposemodern equivalent
Poplar, willow, or linden wood panelSupport structure, historically preferred for its radial cut and stability in Italy (Source 4)MDF or birch plywood panel, sealed and primed
Animal-skin glue and resinSize mixture to seal the wood and prepare for gesso (Source 4)Hide glue or rabbit-skin glue
Gesso (gypsum/chalk)To create a smooth, hard, ivory-like surface for painting (Source 4)Acrylic gesso or traditional rabbit-skin glue gesso
Egg yolkBinder for tempera paint (Source 4, Source 8)Fresh egg yolk, separated from white and membrane
Pigments (ochres, vermilion, lapis lazuli, etc.)Colorants mixed with egg yolk (Source 4, Source 5)High-quality artist-grade dry pigments or pre-mixed egg tempera
CharcoalFor laying out the initial design on the prepared panel (Source 4)Vine charcoal or graphite
Small brushesFor applying thin, almost transparent brushstrokes (Source 4)Sable or synthetic round brushes, sizes 0-4

preparation

surface prep

Construct or acquire a solid wood panel, preferably radial cut (Source 4). Plane and sand the wood. Apply a size mixture of animal-skin glue and resin, potentially covering with linen (Source 4). Once dry, apply layer upon layer of gesso, sanding down each layer before applying the next, potentially up to 15 layers, to achieve a smooth, hard surface resembling ivory (Source 4).

underdrawing

Lay out the design on the gessoed surface using charcoal (Source 4). Given the complex narrative requiring three representations of Nastagio and specific placement of tents, trees, and figures, a precise underdrawing is essential to manage the 'grid' of vertical trunks and horizontal seascape (Source 1).

underpainting

Tempera technique typically involves applying paint in very small, almost transparent brushstrokes to build up volumetric forms through thin layers (Source 4). Unlike oil painting, which requires days for layers to dry, tempera dries quickly, allowing for immediate subsequent layers, but the buildup is gradual (Source 4).

color palette

Red

Red ochre or vermilion (cinnabar)

Nastagio's hose, as explicitly described in the source (Source 1)

Gold/Yellow

Yellow ochre or orpiment

The knight's golden armour (Source 1)

Green/Brown

Verdigris, earths, or burnt ochres

The pine wood setting and foliage (Source 1, Source 5)

Blue

Indigo or blue pulverised enamels

Sky and seascape background (Source 5)

White

Chalk white or white lead

Highlights and the half-naked woman's skin tones (Source 5)

Black

Ivory black or grapestone black

Shadows, dogs, and outlines (Source 5)

composition

The composition utilizes a 'strong narrative character' by showing successive scenes within one picture (Source 1). It employs a grid-like structure where tall, upright tree trunks combine with a horizontal seascape in the background to create depth (Source 1). The arrangement requires three distinct representations of Nastagio: first in tents with friends, second roaming the forest in close-up, and third intervening with a stick against the dogs (Source 1). The figures are characterized by 'slender' forms and 'graceful gestures' (Source 1).

step by step

underdrawing→first pass→refining→finishing

underdrawing

  1. step 01

    Transfer the design to the gessoed panel using charcoal, ensuring the three positions of Nastagio and the vertical/horizontal grid of trees and sea are accurately placed.

    Tip — Ensure the 'grid' effect of the trees is established early to guide the depth perception.

    Charcoal underdrawing

first pass

  1. step 02

    Begin applying tempera paint using small brushes. Mix pigments with egg yolk and apply in very small, almost transparent brushstrokes.

    Tip — Do not attempt to cover the ground in one thick layer; build volume through thin layers.

    Egg tempera application

refining

  1. step 03

    Layer additional thin coats of paint to develop the 'volumetric forms' of the slender figures and the 'golden armour' of the knight.

    Tip — Focus on the 'graceful gestures' and 'formal elegance' described in the style analysis.

    Layering for volume

  2. step 04

    Detail the specific narrative elements: the red hose of Nastagio, the half-naked woman, and the dogs seizing her.

    Tip — Ensure the 'magical suspension between fable and reality' is maintained by avoiding overly naturalistic shading that might distract from the emotional appeal.

    Detailing

finishing

  1. step 05

    Complete the background seascape and pine wood, ensuring the horizontal and vertical lines reinforce the compositional depth.

    Tip — Check that the 'grid' effect remains visible and supports the spatial arrangement.

    Background integration

critical techniques

Egg Tempera Layering

Using small brushes to apply pigment mixed with egg yolk in very small, almost transparent brushstrokes to create volumetric forms through thin layers (Source 4).

Gesso Preparation

Applying up to 15 layers of gesso, sanding between each, to create a smooth, hard, ivory-like surface (Source 4).

Narrative Composition

Depicting successive scenes within a single image, requiring multiple representations of the same character (Source 1).

common pitfalls

  • →Applying paint too thickly: Tempera requires thin, transparent layers; thick application can lead to cracking or loss of luminosity (Source 4).
  • →Ignoring the underdrawing: The complex narrative structure with three figures of Nastagio requires precise initial layout (Source 1, Source 4).
  • →Over-naturalism: Botticelli's style relies on 'formal elegance' and 'slender figures' rather than strict naturalistic observation, which might obscure the 'emotional intentions' (Source 7).
  • →Skipping gesso layers: Insufficient gesso preparation will result in a rough surface unsuitable for the fine detail of tempera (Source 4).

what the sources don't tell us

Where the corpus is silent, we say so rather than guess. These are the gaps a complete recreation guide would normally cover that our source passages don't.

  • ·Specific pigment recipes for Botticelli's exact shades of red and gold are not provided in the sources, only general historical pigments (Source 5).
  • ·The exact method of varnishing or final sealing for this specific 1483 work is not detailed in the provided passages.
  • ·The specific proportions of egg yolk to pigment for optimal transparency are not specified.

grounded in

The technical procedure in this guide traces to the following classical art-instruction texts.

  • The Science of Painting↗

    • CHAPTER V. COLOURING SUBSTANCES — applied to Color palette pigments (ochres, vermilion, indigo, etc.)
  • The Practice and Science of Drawing↗

    • STUDY BY WATTEAU — applied to Stylistic considerations regarding Botticelli's 'innocence and imaginative appeal' vs. naturalism

cross-referenced from

Named facts about this artwork and artist were checked against these reference pages.

  • Wikipedia: The Story of Nastagio Degli Onesti↗

    • Description and style — applied to Overview, composition notes, specific visual details (red hose, golden armour, three Nastagios)
  • Wikipedia: Panel painting↗

    • Panel construction and painting techniques — applied to Surface prep, underdrawing, tempera technique, materials list
  • Wikipedia: Tempera↗

    • Etymology and definition — applied to Definition of tempera medium and egg yolk binder

Read more about the corpus on the sources page and how the guides are built on the methods page.

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