
plate no. 9568
Petros Malayan, 1990
what to study here
It shows how to unify several objects into one light mass against a dark ground using soft edges and loose, visible brushwork.
The useful lesson here is how a bright group of objects is held together against a dark field. The vision analysis describes light coming from the upper left onto cream and white pots, with a central two-handled white pot, a golden-ochre pot to its left and a tall white pitcher to the right. The darkest passage sits in the upper left, in near-charcoal, with purple and brown mid-tones below it and a warm gray-tan table. Squint and the pots read as one bright, warm mass. The strongest contrast is between the cluster and the background, not between individual pots, so study how the painter kept the vessels in a narrow light-to-midtone range. Look at the edges: pot edges soften into the background, while the blue rims are quick, decorative accents. The background has horizontal sweep marks that suggest the table and give movement. Copy the value grouping first, then the soft edges, then the rims. Keep the rims to a stroke or two each.
key decision
The painter kept all the ceramic vessels within a close light-to-midtone range and set the main contrast between that cluster and a dark background. Edges are softened into the dark so the pots read as one group.
recreation guide
This recreation guide addresses Petros Malayan’s 1990 oil painting 'Still Life with Pots,' an Expressionist work within the still life genre. As a still life, the subject matter consists of inanimate, commonplace objects—specifically pots—which allows for significant freedom in arranging elements within the composition (Source 1). The Expressionist style suggests a departure from strict optical realism, focusing instead on emotional expression through color and form, though specific visual details of the pots (shape, color, arrangement) are not described in the provided sources. Therefore, the guide focuses on the technical execution of oil painting, compositional principles for still lifes, and color theory applicable to this genre and medium.
estimated time
20-30 hours over 5-7 sessions
materials
6 items
steps
5 in sequence
materials
| item | purpose | modern equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Oil paints (artist grade) | Primary medium for the painting | — |
| Linseed oil | Medium to thin paint and increase oil content for 'fat over lean' rule | Stand oil or refined linseed oil |
| Mineral spirits or turpentine | Solvent for thinning initial layers and cleaning brushes | Odorless mineral spirits (OMS) |
| Canvas or panel | Support surface | Primed linen or cotton canvas |
| Charcoal or thinned paint | For initial sketching/underdrawing | Vine charcoal or raw umber thinned with solvent |
| Paintbrushes and palette knives | Application and manipulation of paint | — |
preparation
surface prep
The surface should be prepared with a ground suitable for oil painting. While specific preparation for Malayan is not detailed, traditional oil painting techniques often begin with a prepared canvas. If employing the grisaille method described in the sources, the ground should be neutral to allow for glazing and scumbling effects (Source 3).
underdrawing
Begin by sketching the subject onto the canvas with charcoal or thinned paint (Source 5). Since the specific arrangement of the pots is not described in the sources, the artist should arrange the pots to create a composition with a clear center of interest, avoiding exact bisections of the picture space (Source 2). Ensure the subject does not face out of the image and that spaces between objects vary to create interest (Source 2).
underpainting
Consider using a monochrome underpainting (grisaille) to establish values. This involves mentally extracting red and yellow colors to translate what would be left in nature if these colors were not present (Source 3). This step helps in establishing the tonal structure before applying color. Alternatively, a traditional oil underpainting using black, ultramarine, and white with oil of copavia as a medium can be used, as practiced by Sir Joshua Reynolds (Source 3).
color palette
Neutral Grays/Browns
Black, Ultramarine, White
Underpainting or grisaille stage to establish values
Red and Yellow Tones
Various red and yellow pigments
Glazing and scumbling over the dry grisaille to introduce color, mimicking the tinting of an engraving (Source 3)
Complementary Colors
Dependent on local colors of the pots
Creating contrast and harmony, considering simultaneous contrast where adjacent colors influence each other's appearance (Source 7)
composition
The composition should feature a prominent subject (the pots) placed off-center, balanced by smaller satellite elements, unless a symmetrical composition is desired (Source 2). Avoid exact bisections of the picture space. Use detailed areas and 'rest' areas to guide the viewer's eye, creating a contrast between detail and lack of detail (Source 2). Ensure the direction followed by the viewer's eye leads around all elements before leading out of the picture (Source 2).
step by step
underdrawing
step 01
Sketch the arrangement of the pots on the canvas using charcoal or thinned paint.
Tip — Ensure the composition has a clear center of interest and avoids exact bisections.
Initial sketching
underpainting
step 02
Apply a monochrome underpainting (grisaille) to establish values, excluding red and yellow tones.
Tip — Focus on the tonal structure and form of the pots.
Grisaille
first pass
step 03
Once the grisaille is dry, apply glazes and scumbles of red and yellow tones using oil as a medium.
Tip — Glazing is a transparent coat of color; scumbling is semi-opaque, allowing the underlying painting to show through.
Glazing and Scumbling
refining
step 04
Build up subsequent layers of paint, ensuring each layer contains more oil than the previous one ('fat over lean').
Tip — This prevents cracking and peeling of the paint film.
Fat over Lean
finishing
step 05
Adjust colors and textures using brushes or palette knives, considering the simultaneous contrast of colors.
Tip — Be aware that adjacent colors will influence each other's appearance; adjust accordingly.
Color Contrast
critical techniques
Glazing and Scumbling
Used to apply color over a dry monochrome underpainting. Glazing provides transparency, while scumbling allows the underlayer to show through, creating depth and complexity.
Fat over Lean
A basic rule of oil paint application where each additional layer contains more oil than the layer below to ensure proper drying and prevent cracking.
Simultaneous Contrast
Understanding that adjacent colors influence each other's appearance, allowing the painter to harmonize colors and perceive modifications of light and tone accurately.
common pitfalls
what the sources don't tell us
Where the corpus is silent, we say so rather than guess. These are the gaps a complete recreation guide would normally cover that our source passages don't.
grounded in
The technical procedure in this guide traces to the following classical art-instruction texts.
The Practice of Oil Painting↗
Laws of Contrast of Colour↗
cross-referenced from
Named facts about this artwork and artist were checked against these reference pages.
Wikipedia: Oil painting↗
Wikipedia: Composition (visual arts)↗
Wikipedia: Still life↗
Read more about the corpus on the sources page and how the guides are built on the methods page.
what the eye sees
Light streams from the upper left, casting the cream and white pots into brilliance against a dark, moody background of purples and browns. The composition is anchored by a central white two-handled pot that commands attention through its placement and high value; a golden-ochre pot sits to its left, while a tall white pitcher stands to the right. The background is deliberately loose and atmospheric, with horizontal sweep marks that suggest a table surface. Darker vessels recede; the brightest pots push forward.
value structure
The darkest passage dominates the upper left corner and upper background (nearly charcoal); mid-tone browns and purples fill the background. The table is a warm gray-tan. All the ceramic vessels cluster in the light-to-midtone range, creating a unified bright mass that reads as a single focal unit. The strongest contrast is between the pots and the dark background—not between individual pots. Squint and you see a dark surround with a bright, warm cluster in the center.
observed palette and mixes
#c4bcb5
Titanium white + raw sienna + touch of ultramarine
Cream body of the white pots, the tall pitcher on the right
#aa9d8e
Raw sienna + ultramarine + white
Warm mid-tone on pot bodies, shadows and modeling on cream vessels
#81786c
Raw sienna + ultramarine + white, slightly more sienna
Warm brown mid-tones in background, table surface
#635549
Burnt sienna + ultramarine + touch of alizarin
Deep brown in upper background, shadowed areas
#2b2c31
Ultramarine + alizarin + touch of raw sienna
Darkest background passages, the blue rims of vessels
#d4a55a
Yellow ochre + cadmium yellow light + white
The golden pot on the left side; warm highlights and accents
edges and brushwork
The painting embraces loose, expressive brushwork throughout. Pot edges are soft and blended where they meet the background—almost melting into it—while the blue rims are quick, confident accents that read as decorative detail rather than precisely rendered. Horizontal strokes dominate the background, creating movement and atmosphere. The pots themselves are modeled with visible brushstrokes that suggest form without being tightly rendered; shadows blend seamlessly into highlights.
a working sequence
Map the composition lightly
Sketch the rough arrangement—a dark background area filling most of the canvas, and a simple cluster of pot shapes in the center-right two-thirds. Note the tall pitcher on the right edge, the central two-handled pot, and the golden pot on the left. These are simplified circles and ovals; don't draw each rim or handle precisely yet.
Establish the dark background
Block in the background with loose, horizontal strokes using burnt sienna, ultramarine, and alizarin. Make the upper left corner very dark (nearly black). Let this be loose and painterly—don't worry about smoothness. The background should feel atmospheric and moody, not flat.
Lay in the warm mid-tones
Introduce raw sienna and warm gray-browns across the table surface and lower portion. This separates the background from the pot cluster. Use this same mid-tone to begin modeling the pot bodies, creating simple shadow shapes on one side of each vessel to suggest roundness.
Paint the light pots
Use white mixed with raw sienna and a touch of ultramarine to block in the cream-white bodies of the main vessels. The tall right pitcher and central two-handled pot should be brightest. Leave raw sienna shadows visible on the shadowed sides to show form. Keep edges soft by blending into the background darks.
Add the golden pot and warm accents
Introduce yellow ochre and cadmium yellow to the left pot, creating a warm focal point. Add golden highlights on the sun-facing sides of the white pots using this same ochre-yellow, placed where light would naturally strike—upper left edges, shoulders of vessels.
Paint the blue rims and handles
Using ultramarine and a touch of alizarin to push it slightly purple, quickly paint the blue rim bands on each pot and the handles of the central vessel. These should be loose, confident strokes—the blue is decorative and should feel painted on, not perfectly smooth. Don't labor this step.
Refine values and edges
Step back. Darken any background passages that read too light; ensure the contrast between pots and background is clear. Soften edges where pots meet background by dragging background color into pot shapes. Strengthen the brightest whites on the right pitcher and central pot's highlights. Add final warm accents with ochre where light catches upper edges.
where studies of this painting go wrong
measured difficulty
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