
plate no. 9035
Henri Matisse, 1913
what to study here
It shows how flat color planes, dark outlines, and a split face can build a portrait without conventional modeling.
The face is the thing to study here. It is split down the middle, green on the left and orange-red on the right, and the painter keeps those two halves as flat planes with little gradation. Look at how that split ties the head to the rest of the canvas: the green repeats in the sage robe and the side stripes, and the orange-red repeats in the hands and lower legs. The red ground fills the lower half and pushes the figure forward, so space reads as compressed rather than deep. Squint and you get three value bands: dark outlines and fold shadows, mid-value red ground and robe, and light yellow zones and white embroidery. Outlines are dark, energetic, and sometimes irregular, and they hold the flattened forms together. Brushwork stays visible, especially in the vertical background strokes and the loose hatching in the robe. Beads and embroidery are small dabs and dots, not rendered objects. Copy the relationships between color blocks before you copy any detail.
key decision
The face is divided into a flat green half and a flat orange-red half, which links the head to the green robe and the warm hands and legs. Form comes from color planes and dark outlines, not shading.
From the record
from the sources
Seated Riffian is an oil on canvas painting by Henri Matisse dated to December 1912. en.wikipedia.org
“Seated Riffian (French: Le Rifain assis) is an oil on canvas painting by Henri Matisse, from December 1912.”
The painting depicts a seated inhabitant of the Rif region of Morocco who is dressed in green. en.wikipedia.org
“This work represents an inhabitant of the Rif, in Morocco, dressed in green in a seated position.”
The painting is held in the collection of the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. en.wikipedia.org
“It is held in the collection of the Barnes Foundation, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.”
recreation guide
Henri Matisse’s 'Seated Riffian' (1913) represents a transitional phase in the artist’s career, moving away from the high-key Fauvism of 1905–1908 toward a more structured, yet still expressive, modernism. While the specific visual details of this 1913 portrait are not described in the provided sources, the work falls within the period where Matisse was refining his use of color as an expressive tool rather than a descriptive one. The painting likely employs the 'wild, often dissonant colours' and 'flat shapes' characteristic of his earlier Fauvist period, but with the increasing structural rigor that defined his post-1910 work. The artist’s approach treats the medium not as a vehicle for illusionistic deception, but as a means to express feeling through 'painted symbols' that remain true to the emotional idea of the work (Source 1).
estimated time
20-30 hours over 5-7 sessions
materials
4 items
steps
4 in sequence
materials
| item | purpose | modern equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Oil paints (high chroma) | To achieve the 'vitality' and 'brilliancy' required for expressive color juxtaposition. | High-quality artist-grade oils (e.g., Cadmium Red, Ultramarine Blue, Yellow Ochre) |
| Canvas | Support for the oil medium. | Linen or cotton canvas, primed |
| Brushes | For applying flat shapes and controlled lines. | Flat and filbert brushes of various sizes |
| Solvent/Medium | For thinning paint or glazing if employed. | Odorless mineral spirits or linseed oil |
preparation
surface prep
Standard oil painting preparation. Matisse’s practice emphasizes the importance of the medium’s capacity; the surface should be prepared to accept bold, flat applications of color without excessive texturing that might distract from the color relationships (Source 1).
underdrawing
Matisse’s work from this period is characterized by 'controlled lines' and 'flat shapes' (Source 2). The underdrawing should be confident and decisive, establishing the structural boundaries of the figure and background without excessive modeling. The artist likely used a light sketch to define the composition before applying color.
underpainting
While Source 5 discusses glazing and scumbling over a grisaille, this technique is noted as being practiced by 'old masters' and potentially viewed with prejudice by modern painters like Matisse. Matisse’s Fauvist and post-Fauvist work typically relied on direct application of opaque or semi-opaque color to achieve intensity, rather than complex glazing layers. Therefore, an underpainting is likely not required for this specific style, which favors direct color juxtaposition.
color palette
Vibrant Reds/Oranges
Cadmium Red, Cadmium Orange
Likely used for clothing or background elements to create contrast. Matisse used 'bright and expressive colour' without regard for natural hues (Source 2).
Deep Blues/Ultramarines
Ultramarine Blue, Cobalt Blue
Used to complement red/orange tones, increasing their brilliancy through juxtaposition (Source 3, Source 4).
Yellows
Cadmium Yellow, Yellow Ochre
General use in Matisse’s palette for light and warmth, often juxtaposed with purples or blues.
Greens
Viridian, Sap Green
Complementary to reds, used to soften or intensify adjacent red tones depending on placement (Source 3).
composition
The composition likely features 'flat shapes' and 'controlled lines' (Source 2). Matisse’s approach during this period involved simplifying forms to emphasize color relationships. The figure is likely positioned to allow for strong color contrasts between the subject and the background, utilizing the principle that 'an orange drapery can be rendered yet more orange surrounded by blue tones' (Source 3).
step by step
underdrawing
step 01
Sketch the basic forms of the seated figure and background with light, confident lines. Focus on the overall structure rather than fine details.
Tip — Ensure lines are 'controlled' to support the flat shapes characteristic of Matisse’s style (Source 2).
Contour drawing
first pass
step 02
Apply broad areas of color, focusing on the main shapes. Use pure, bright colors without excessive mixing to maintain chroma.
Tip — Avoid 'meretricious attempt to deceive the eye' with illusionistic modeling; keep the paint visible as 'painted symbols' (Source 1).
Direct painting
refining
step 03
Juxtapose complementary colors to enhance intensity. For example, place blue tones next to orange/red areas to make them appear more vibrant.
Tip — Use the principle that 'red beside blue verges on orange' to adjust hues optically rather than by mixing (Source 3).
Simultaneous contrast
finishing
step 04
Refine edges and adjust color balances. Ensure that the emotional idea of the work is expressed through the color relationships, not realistic detail.
Tip — Check if any color is 'too pronounced' and soften it by surrounding it with similar tones, or intensify it with complements (Source 3).
Color balancing
critical techniques
Complementary Color Juxtaposition
Matisse used complementary colors to increase brilliancy and express emotion. Placing red next to green or blue next to orange enhances the visual impact without mixing (Source 3, Source 4).
Flat Shapes and Controlled Lines
Characteristic of Matisse’s Fauvist and post-Fauvist work, this technique simplifies forms to emphasize color and composition over realistic modeling (Source 2).
Expressive Color
Using 'wild, often dissonant colours' without regard for natural hues to convey emotion (Source 2).
common pitfalls
what the sources don't tell us
Where the corpus is silent, we say so rather than guess. These are the gaps a complete recreation guide would normally cover that our source passages don't.
grounded in
The technical procedure in this guide traces to the following classical art-instruction texts.
The Practice and Science of Drawing↗
The Science of Painting↗
The Practice of Oil Painting↗
cross-referenced from
Named facts about this artwork and artist were checked against these reference pages.
Wikipedia bio — Henri Matisse↗
Wikipedia: Complementary colors↗
Wikipedia: Color theory↗
Read more about the corpus on the sources page and how the guides are built on the methods page.
what the eye sees
A seated figure in a green Moroccan garment faces forward against a boldly segmented background of competing hues—blue-yellow-red. The eye enters at the face, which splits dramatically into green-left and orange-red-right, then travels down the ornate clothing with white embroidered outlines and scattered colorful beads. The red ground dominates the lower half with green vertical stripes framing both sides, creating a vibrant spatial compression that flattens and energizes the composition.
value structure
The darkest darks anchor the outlines, shadows in clothing folds, and the deep greens; the brightest lights emerge as yellow-cream background zones and white embroidery marks. Mid-values carry the red ground and sage-green robe. Squint: you see three main value bands—dark (figure outline, shadows), mid (clothing, face), and light (background yellows, highlights)—with bold separation between them and minimal gradation.
observed palette and mixes
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Viridian or Emerald Green + Raw Sienna + white for the sage-green robe
Dominant upper torso, both arms, background side panels
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Alizarin Crimson + Cadmium Red for the bright red
Lower half ground, face highlights, clothing accents
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Cadmium Yellow Medium + touch of Raw Sienna for the golden yellow
Upper right background, leg area below knees, scattered decorative dots
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Cadmium Red + Yellow Ochre for the orange-rust tone
Face right half, hands, lower legs
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Ultramarine Blue + Burnt Sienna + Alizarin for deep shadow tone
Clothing folds, facial shadows, dark outlines
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Raw Sienna + Ultramarine + white for muted greenish-brown in shadows
Clothing shadow areas, subtle transitions in robe
edges and brushwork
Edges are boldly defined with dark outlines—not delicate, but energetic and sometimes irregular. Brushstrokes are highly visible throughout, especially in the vertical background strokes and the loose hatching within the green robe. The beads and embroidered details are suggested with small dabs and dots rather than realistic rendering, adding textural energy without fussy detail.
a working sequence
Block the figure and background zones
Lightly sketch the seated figure's basic proportions and the four background areas: blue upper-left, yellow upper-right, red lower-half, and green vertical side strips. Don't worry about precision—establish the spatial puzzle first. The figure's mass should feel stable and centered; the background zones should feel like bold graphic blocks.
Establish the background
Paint the background in flat color passes: blue (upper left), yellow (upper right and upper center), red (lower half), green (side stripes). Don't blend or soften edges yet. Use bold, direct brushstrokes in the vertical direction for the stripes. Let this layer dry or work around it—these colors need to read loudly.
Block in the green garment
Paint the main robe and clothing in sage-green, keeping it relatively flat. Notice how it wraps around the shoulders with a dark outline suggesting the draped cloak structure. Don't model the folds heavily—let the outline do the work. Leave the neck area open for the head.
Paint the face and head
Divide the face roughly down the center: green on the left, orange-red-orange on the right. The forehead glows with a lighter orange-yellow. Use bold, flat planes rather than gradual transitions. Add a dark eyebrow line and suggest the facial features simply. The neck shows green transitioning to warmer tones.
Block the hands and lower body
Paint the hands in a warm orange-rust tone, clasped together at the center. Below, the legs emerge in orange-yellow, contrasting against the red ground. The feet are suggested lightly. Don't render anatomical detail—the color contrast and simplified form convey the pose.
Define major outlines and structure
With a dark mix (black or dark green + alizarin), draw bold outlines around the figure, the shoulder cloak, and key clothing divisions. These lines should feel decisive and expressive, not timid. They're what hold the flattened form together and give it graphic punch.
Add embroidery and decorative details
Paint white outlines and lines down the center of the garment, and scatter small colored dots (red, yellow, white, orange) to suggest beads and decorative trim. These marks should feel playful and ornamental—dots and dashes rather than meticulously rendered objects. Focus on the chest and along the center front.
Refine values and color temperature
Darken or warm/cool colors as needed to strengthen the reading. Ensure the red ground has enough presence; check that the green stays luminous and doesn't sink. Add any final shadow accents in dark green or black where the garment overlaps. Step back frequently—this painting relies on bold color relationships, not subtle blending.
where studies of this painting go wrong
measured difficulty
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