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home·artworks·Walking by countryside
Walking by countryside by David Burliuk

plate no. 1664

Walking by countryside

David Burliuk, 1944

oilPost-Impressionismlandscapelandscapehousestreesfiguresskyfence

what to study here

It shows how a close value range and soft edges can still produce a clear focal point and a readable three-plane space.

Study how this landscape holds together with a compressed, luminous value range. There are no deep blacks or stark whites. The sky is nearly white, the foreground grass and building walls sit in mid-bright golden-greens and pale ochres, and the darkest notes are limited to shadowed foliage and building foundations. Squint and you get three zones: bright foreground, medium buildings and tree masses, pale sky. The white-blossoming tree is the brightest, most saturated form, so the eye lands there first, then follows the walking figures along the path toward the village. The horizon sits near the upper third. Note the brushwork: broad directional strokes in the sky, chunky sculptural marks for foliage, gestural strokes in the grass that follow the ground plane. Edges stay soft, and the buildings are built from warm and cool shifts rather than drawn lines. The figures are small accents and do not compete with the tree. Copy the value grouping before you copy any color.

key decision

Burliuk kept the whole picture in a narrow, luminous value range and saved the brightest, most saturated note for the white-blossoming tree, so it becomes the focal point without any dark contrast.

recreation guide

David Burliuk’s 'Walking by countryside' (1944) is a landscape executed in oil, situated within the Post-Impressionist style. While Burliuk is historically renowned as a pioneer of Russian Futurism and Cubo-Futurism (Source 7), this specific work from his later years in the United States reflects a shift toward landscape painting, a genre he engaged with throughout his career, including sketches of Australian views in his final years (Source 8). The artwork likely emphasizes the expressive potential of the medium rather than strict topographical accuracy, consistent with the view that landscape art serves as an expression of feeling and painted symbols rather than a mere substitute for nature (Source 2). The composition likely features natural scenery such as trees, sky, and weather elements arranged into a coherent whole, typical of the landscape genre (Source 3).

estimated time

20-30 hours over 5-7 sessions

materials

5 items

steps

5 in sequence

materials

itempurposemodern equivalent
Oil paints (Ultramarine, Black, White, Yellow, Red tones)Primary pigments for underpainting and glazingArtist-grade oil paints
Linseed oil or Oil of CopaviaMedium for thinning paint and creating glazesStand oil or refined linseed oil
Mineral spirits or TurpentineSolvent for cleaning brushes and thinning initial layersOdorless mineral spirits
CanvasSupport surfaceLinen or cotton canvas
Paintbrushes and/or Palette knivesApplication of paint; knives can scrape or apply thick layersHog bristle and synthetic brushes

preparation

surface prep

The canvas should be primed to accept oil paint. While specific preparation for this 1944 work is not detailed in the sources, traditional oil painting practice involves ensuring the surface is stable to prevent cracking. The artist likely used a standard ground suitable for oil application, allowing for the layering techniques described in historical practices (Source 4).

underdrawing

Traditional oil painting techniques often begin with sketching the subject onto the canvas using charcoal or thinned paint (Source 4). Given Burliuk’s background in Futurism and his later shift to landscape, the underdrawing likely established the basic forms of the countryside elements (trees, sky, path) without excessive detail, serving as a guide for the subsequent monochrome underpainting.

underpainting

A grisaille (monochrome underpainting) is recommended, utilizing black, ultramarine, and white mixed with oil of copavia or linseed oil (Source 1). This step involves mentally extracting red and yellow colors to establish the tonal structure of the landscape. This method allows the artist to focus on value and form before introducing color, a technique practiced by old masters and referenced in Reynolds’ method (Source 1).

color palette

Ultramarine

Pure ultramarine pigment

Underpainting and cool tones in the sky or shadows

Black

Pure black pigment

Underpainting and deep shadows

White

Titanium or Zinc white

Underpainting highlights and mixing tints

Yellow tones

Various yellow pigments (e.g., Cadmium Yellow, Yellow Ochre)

Glazing and scumbling to introduce warmth and light

Red tones

Various red pigments (e.g., Cadmium Red, Alizarin Crimson)

Glazing and scumbling to introduce warmth and vitality

composition

The composition likely includes a wide view of natural scenery with sky and weather elements, arranged coherently (Source 3). As a Post-Impressionist landscape, it may prioritize emotional expression and symbolic representation over strict realism, treating the landscape as 'painted symbols' rather than a deceptive illusion (Source 2). Specific details of the countryside layout are not described in the sources, so the artist should rely on general landscape conventions of the period.

step by step

underdrawing→underpainting→first pass→refining→finishing

underdrawing

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition of the countryside onto the canvas using charcoal or thinned paint.

    Tip — Keep lines loose to allow for adjustment during painting.

    Initial sketching

underpainting

  1. step 02

    Apply a grisaille using black, ultramarine, and white mixed with oil. Establish the tonal values of the landscape, excluding red and yellow hues.

    Tip — Ensure this layer is completely dry before proceeding.

    Grisaille

first pass

  1. step 03

    Begin glazing and scumbling with oil, introducing yellow and red tones. Apply transparent coats of color (glazing) and semi-opaque layers (scumbling) to build up the color structure.

    Tip — Observe how the underlying grisaille affects the color temperature; scumbling over darker grounds can create a grey bloom or coldness.

    Glazing and Scumbling

refining

  1. step 04

    Adjust the translucency, sheen, and density of the paint using additional media like cold wax or resins if needed. Use palette knives to scrape or apply paint for texture.

    Tip — Follow the 'fat over lean' rule: each subsequent layer should contain more oil than the previous one to prevent cracking.

    Layering and Texture

finishing

  1. step 05

    Finalize the painting by ensuring the emotional idea is expressed through the painted symbols. Avoid creating a meretricious attempt to deceive the eye; maintain the integrity of the medium.

    Tip — Remember that art is an expression of feeling, not a substitute for nature.

    Expressive finish

critical techniques

Glazing

Applying a transparent coat of color over a dry underpainting to build depth and luminosity. This technique was used by old masters and is recommended for introducing red and yellow tones after the grisaille.

Scumbling

Applying a semi-opaque layer of paint through which the underlying painting is visible. This can create a grey bloom or coldness when used over darker grounds.

Fat over Lean

Ensuring each additional layer of paint contains more oil than the layer below to allow proper drying and prevent cracking.

common pitfalls

  • →Cracking and peeling of the paint film if the 'fat over lean' rule is not followed (Source 4).
  • →Creating a deceptive illusion of nature rather than an expressive symbol, which undermines the vitality of the medium (Source 2).
  • →Applying glazes or scumbles before the underlying grisaille is completely dry, which can muddy the colors and compromise the technique (Source 1).

what the sources don't tell us

Where the corpus is silent, we say so rather than guess. These are the gaps a complete recreation guide would normally cover that our source passages don't.

  • ·Specific visual details of 'Walking by countryside' (e.g., exact placement of trees, figures, or weather conditions) are not described in the sources.
  • ·Burliuk’s specific palette choices for this 1944 work are not detailed; the guide relies on general Post-Impressionist and traditional oil painting practices.
  • ·The exact medium Burliuk used for this specific painting (e.g., ratio of oil to solvent) is not recorded in the provided sources.

grounded in

The technical procedure in this guide traces to the following classical art-instruction texts.

  • The Practice of Oil Painting↗

    • COLOURING A MONOCHROME — applied to Underpainting (grisaille), glazing, and scumbling techniques
  • The Practice and Science of Drawing↗

    • XX MATERIALS — applied to Philosophy of medium use and avoiding deceptive illusion

cross-referenced from

Named facts about this artwork and artist were checked against these reference pages.

  • Wikipedia: Landscape painting↗

    • Landscape painting — part 1 — applied to Composition elements (sky, weather, natural scenery)
  • Wikipedia: Oil painting↗

    • Oil painting — part 2 — applied to Materials, 'fat over lean' rule, and application methods
  • Wikipedia bio — David Burliuk↗

    • part 3 and part 4 — applied to Artist context and later career landscape work

Read more about the corpus on the sources page and how the guides are built on the methods page.

read from the painting

observed from the image, not the label
6 dominant colors, measured

what the eye sees

Light pours from the upper left, bathing the pale sky in blue and lavender-pink tones while warming the grass and building facades below. The composition is organized into three clear receding planes: the foreground meadow with dark wooden fencing, the middle ground cluster of three buildings anchored by a luminous white-blossoming tree, and the distant tree line silhouetted against the pale sky. The eye is drawn first to that flowering tree—the brightest, most saturated form—then follows the walking figures on the path toward the village settlement. The horizon line sits roughly in the upper third, giving weight to the landscape.

value structure

The painting operates in a compressed, harmonious range: no deep blacks or stark whites, but a clear distinction between the very light sky and clouds (nearly white), the mid-bright foreground grasses and building walls (warm golden-greens and pale ochres), and the darkest accents in shadowed foliage and building foundations (deep forest green and dark brown-purple). Squinting reveals three distinct value zones moving back: bright foreground, medium-value buildings and tree masses, pale distant sky. The overall effect is luminous rather than dramatic.

observed palette and mixes

  • #d3d7d7

    Titanium white with a touch of cerulean blue and yellow ochre

    The white flowering tree's blooms, sky highlights, and brightest cloud edges

  • #bdc8cd

    Cerulean blue tempered with white and a whisper of burnt sienna

    Sky wash throughout, especially in the upper atmosphere and cloud shadows

  • #53725b

    Sap green with burnt umber and a touch of cerulean blue

    The lush foreground meadow grasses and shadow side of tree foliage

  • #35423c

    Deep sap green with burnt umber and ultramarine blue

    Darkest foliage masses, building shadows, and accents in the distant tree line

  • #867a6d

    Burnt umber with a touch of white and yellow ochre

    Warm brown tones in building walls, fence wood, and earth shadows

  • #a1a897

    Yellow ochre mixed with burnt umber and white

    Golden highlights in foreground grass, warm side of building walls, and highlights on the path

edges and brushwork

Brushwork is loose and expressive throughout—the sky is painted in broad, directional strokes that suggest wind and light, while tree foliage is rendered with chunky, sculptural marks rather than botanical detail. Edges are consistently soft; even the buildings are suggested with warm and cool color shifts rather than hard lines. The foreground grasses are alive with visible, gestural marks that follow the plane of the earth, giving the landscape a palpable sense of movement.

a working sequence

  1. 01

    Establish the Sky and Light

    Lay a thin wash of cerulean blue mixed with white across the upper two-thirds, warming it toward pale lavender and pink near the horizon. Work quickly and loosely—the sky should feel atmospheric, not uniform. Leave soft white highlights where clouds catch the light, especially the puffy forms in the upper left and center.

  2. 02

    Build the Distant Tree Line and Background

    Suggest the silhouetted trees along the horizon using deep sap green and ultramarine. Keep this line soft and atmospheric—it should recede behind the sky. The shapes can be abstract and irregular; avoid making a precise edge where trees meet sky.

  3. 03

    Block in the Three Buildings

    Establish the placement and basic volumes of the left cottage (smaller, tawny-brown), the central church-like structure (taller, darker), and the right farmhouse (yellow ochre with green roof). Use warm burnt umber for shadows, pale ochre for lit planes. The buildings should feel solid but loose—not architectural, but volumetric.

  4. 04

    Lay the Foreground Meadow

    Cover the lower half with vibrant sap green mixed with yellow ochre, creating a golden-green that feels sunlit. Vary the value and tone as you work—darker in shadow areas near the buildings, brighter in the open meadow. This is the landscape's anchor; spend time getting the color energetic and alive.

  5. 05

    Paint the Flowering Tree—the Focal Point

    Articulate the white-blossoming tree using titanium white with just enough pale yellow and cerulean to keep it luminous but not bland. Apply thick, gestural strokes to suggest the full, rounded crown. Add warm tan-brown for the visible trunk and green for foliage underneath. This tree should glow—it's the brightest, most eyecatching form in the painting.

  6. 06

    Develop Tree Foliage and Shadows

    Layer the green foliage around the buildings and across the middle ground using sap green, burnt umber, and blues in varied proportions. Build up shadows cast by trees with deep forest-green and ultramarine. The foliage should feel textured and broken, with colors interacting rather than blending smooth.

  7. 07

    Suggest the Fencing and Path

    Paint the wooden fence using warm burnt umber with ochre highlights; keep it loose and gestural—the fence is more implied than detailed. Indicate the path with a warm tan-brown that draws the eye toward the center. Suggest the walking figures: the red-orange figure and the dark-clothed companion, small but crucial to the composition's narrative.

  8. 08

    Refine and Harmonize

    Step back and assess color relationships. Add warmer ochre accents to building highlights where sunlight strikes most directly. Soften any hard edges by dragging complementary color alongside them. A final glaze of diluted sap green over shadow areas can tie the greens together. The painting should feel unified and luminous—not fussy, but coherent.

where studies of this painting go wrong

  • Making the sky too saturated or too uniform—it's pale and delicate with subtle lavender and pink notes. Resist the urge to darken it for contrast; the luminosity is the point.
  • Overworking the white flowering tree into photographic detail. It should remain a bold, simplified form with visible brushwork. The power is in its luminosity and gestural quality, not botanical accuracy.
  • Neglecting the foreground grasses as mere background. They're half the painting's visual interest—make them alive with varied greens, warm ochres, and visible directional brushwork.
  • Making the figures too prominent or detailed. They're small accent notes; a few simple strokes suffice. Too much attention here pulls the eye away from the tree and village.
  • Painting the buildings as precise structures rather than loose color masses. The charm is in the suggestion—warm and cool shifts, shadow placement, proportion—not sharp outlines.

measured difficulty

beginner friendliness
value contrast
palette complexity
compositional simplicity
brushwork visibility

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