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home·artworks·The Annunciation
The Annunciation by Francesco del Cossa

plate no. 3020

The Annunciation

Francesco del Cossa, 1472

temperaEarly Renaissancereligious paintingangelmaryarchitecturecityscapenativityreligious scene
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in rendering realistic figures, architectural details, and creating a sense of depth through perspective and atmospheric perspective.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
3
compositional simplicity
2

study guide

est. 30 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Create a preliminary sketch to establish the composition and perspective.

  2. step 02

    Block in the main shapes and figures with thin washes of color.

  3. step 03

    Develop the architectural details, paying attention to light and shadow.

  4. step 04

    Refine the figures of the angel and Mary, focusing on accurate proportions and drapery folds.

  5. step 05

    Add details to the cityscape and the nativity scene in the lower register.

  6. step 06

    Glaze layers of color to build up depth and richness.

  7. step 07

    Add highlights and shadows to create a sense of volume.

  8. step 08

    Add final details and refine edges.

color palette

primary · red ochre · ultramarine blue · raw umber · titanium white

secondary · yellow ochre · burnt sienna · ivory black

Achieve the muted tones by mixing earth pigments with white and small amounts of blue or red. Use glazes of transparent colors to create depth and luminosity.

techniques

  • ·glazing
  • ·linear perspective
  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·rendering drapery
  • ·figure drawing

common pitfalls

  • →inaccurate proportions
  • →flat rendering of forms
  • →overly bright colors
  • →neglecting perspective

materials

surface · gessoed panel

required

  • ·gessoed panel
  • ·tempera paints
  • ·fine detail brushes
  • ·medium round brush
  • ·palette
  • ·water
  • ·egg yolk

optional

  • ·retarder
  • ·palette knife
  • ·varnish

Tempera paint dries quickly, so work in small sections and keep your brushes clean. Consider using egg tempera for a traditional approach.

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