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home·artworks·Summer Landscape
Summer Landscape by George Inness

plate no. 0676

Summer Landscape

George Inness, 1894

oilTonalismlandscapelandscapetreescowsfieldfiguresky
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in atmospheric perspective and subtle color blending to create a sense of depth and mood. It also provides practice in simplifying complex forms into basic shapes and values.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
3
compositional simplicity
3

study guide

est. 12 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the horizon line and the placement of the trees and cows.

  2. step 02

    Establish the overall color harmony by applying a thin, diluted wash of warm undertones across the canvas.

  3. step 03

    Block in the large shapes of the trees and foliage with darker values, paying attention to their relative sizes and positions.

  4. step 04

    Begin layering the greens of the field, using a variety of muted tones to create depth and texture.

  5. step 05

    Add the cows and the figure, simplifying their forms and focusing on their silhouettes.

  6. step 06

    Develop the atmospheric perspective by softening the edges of distant objects and lightening their values.

  7. step 07

    Refine the details of the trees and foliage, adding subtle highlights and shadows to create a sense of volume.

  8. step 08

    Add final touches, such as small details in the foreground and subtle variations in the sky.

color palette

primary · yellow ochre · raw umber · titanium white

secondary · viridian · burnt sienna

Achieve the muted greens by mixing viridian with yellow ochre and a touch of raw umber. Create atmospheric perspective by adding white to the colors as they recede into the distance.

techniques

  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·scumbling
  • ·glazing
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·blending

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details and losing the overall sense of atmosphere.
  • →Using colors that are too bright or saturated.
  • →Creating hard edges that break the illusion of depth.
  • →Neglecting the importance of value contrast in creating form.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·Stretched canvas (18x24 inches)
  • ·Oil paints: Yellow Ochre, Raw Umber, Titanium White, Viridian, Burnt Sienna
  • ·Odorless mineral spirits
  • ·Linseed oil
  • ·Assorted round and flat brushes
  • ·Palette
  • ·Palette knife
  • ·Rags or paper towels

optional

  • ·Retouch varnish
  • ·Medium (e.g., Liquin)

Use a canvas with a smooth texture to facilitate blending. Consider using a limited palette to simplify the color mixing process.

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