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home·artworks·The Seventh Plague
The Seventh Plague by John Martin

plate no. 8217

The Seventh Plague

John Martin, 1823

oilRomanticismreligious paintingplaguefiguresarchitecturestormlightningcityscape
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in atmospheric perspective, dramatic lighting, and rendering complex architectural details. It also provides practice in depicting figures within a large-scale scene.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
5
compositional simplicity
2

study guide

est. 20 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Begin with a light sketch outlining the main architectural structures and the figures.

  2. step 02

    Establish the darkest areas of the sky and foreground with a dark brown or black.

  3. step 03

    Block in the general shapes of the buildings and pyramids with mid-tone browns and grays.

  4. step 04

    Create the dramatic lighting effect by adding highlights to the clouds and buildings, focusing on the lightning strike area.

  5. step 05

    Develop the details of the architecture, using a fine brush to add columns, windows, and other features.

  6. step 06

    Paint the figures in the foreground, paying attention to their poses and expressions.

  7. step 07

    Add the final details, such as the waves in the water and the texture of the clouds.

  8. step 08

    Glaze the painting with thin layers of color to unify the composition and enhance the atmosphere.

color palette

primary · ivory black · burnt umber · titanium white

secondary · yellow ochre · cadmium red · ultramarine blue

Achieve the various shades of brown and gray by mixing burnt umber, ivory black, and titanium white in different proportions. Use yellow ochre and cadmium red to create the warm tones of the buildings. Mix ultramarine blue with white for the cooler tones in the sky.

techniques

  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·chiaroscuro
  • ·glazing
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·scumbling

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details too early in the process.
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure.
  • →Creating muddy colors by overmixing.
  • →Losing the sense of atmosphere by making the details too sharp.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas 18x24
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·flat brushes (sizes 8, 10)
  • ·linseed oil

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·retouch varnish
  • ·medium

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. Consider using a toned canvas to create a warmer base for the painting.

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