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home·artworks·The Plains of Heaven
The Plains of Heaven by John Martin

plate no. 7572

The Plains of Heaven

John Martin, 1853

oil, canvasRomanticismreligious paintingmountainswaterfalltreesfigureslandscapesky
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in atmospheric perspective and creating depth through layering and color mixing. It also provides practice in rendering complex landscapes with varied textures.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
2

study guide

est. 20 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the horizon line and major landforms.

  2. step 02

    Establish the sky with a light, blended wash of pale blues and yellows.

  3. step 03

    Block in the distant mountains with cool blues and grays, using thin washes to create atmospheric perspective.

  4. step 04

    Layer in the mid-ground landscape, focusing on the waterfall and surrounding foliage.

  5. step 05

    Develop the foreground with darker values and more detailed brushwork, adding highlights to create contrast.

  6. step 06

    Paint the figures, using small brushstrokes and light colors to suggest movement and form.

  7. step 07

    Add final details, such as highlights on the water and foliage, to enhance the overall effect.

  8. step 08

    Glaze with thin layers of color to unify the painting and create depth.

color palette

primary · ultramarine blue · yellow ochre · titanium white · burnt umber

secondary · alizarin crimson · sap green · ivory black

Achieve the atmospheric perspective by mixing blues and whites with small amounts of yellow ochre and burnt umber. Use glazes of alizarin crimson and sap green to create depth in the foliage.

techniques

  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·glazing
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·wet-on-wet blending
  • ·layering

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details in the background
  • →Using too much dark color in the sky
  • →Failing to create a sense of depth
  • →Not blending colors sufficiently
  • →Ignoring the subtle color variations in the landscape

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas 18x24
  • ·#2 round brush
  • ·#6 flat brush
  • ·#10 filbert brush
  • ·ultramarine blue oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·burnt umber oil paint

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·turpentine
  • ·medium gloss

Use a high-quality canvas and oil paints for best results. Consider using a medium to thin the paints and improve blending.

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