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home·artworks·The Bard
The Bard by John Martin

plate no. 9679

The Bard

John Martin, 1817

oil, canvasRomanticismlandscapemountainscastlewaterfallfigureskyrocks
advanced study

Recreating this painting would help students develop skills in atmospheric perspective and rendering complex geological forms with light and shadow. It also provides practice in depicting figures within a vast landscape.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
5
compositional simplicity
2

study guide

est. 40 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Begin with a light sketch outlining the major shapes: mountains, castle, rocks, and waterfall.

  2. step 02

    Establish the overall value structure by blocking in the darks and lights with thin washes of color.

  3. step 03

    Focus on the sky, blending blues and whites to create a sense of depth and atmosphere.

  4. step 04

    Develop the distant mountains using cool, muted colors and soft edges to create atmospheric perspective.

  5. step 05

    Add details to the castle, focusing on its structure and the way light interacts with its surfaces.

  6. step 06

    Render the rocks in the foreground with more detail, using a variety of brushstrokes to create texture.

  7. step 07

    Paint the waterfall, capturing the movement and energy of the water with dynamic brushstrokes.

  8. step 08

    Add the figure and other small details, such as the soldiers and birds, to complete the composition.

color palette

primary · ultramarine blue · burnt umber · titanium white

secondary · yellow ochre · cadmium red · sap green

Achieve the atmospheric perspective by mixing blues and whites with small amounts of umber. Use yellow ochre and burnt umber to create the warm tones of the rocks and castle. Mix greens with blues and yellows for the foliage.

techniques

  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·glazing
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·chiaroscuro

common pitfalls

  • →Getting lost in the details too early
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure
  • →Not creating enough atmospheric perspective
  • →Inaccurate depiction of water movement
  • →Overworking the painting

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·ultramarine blue oil paint
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·cadmium red oil paint
  • ·round brushes (various sizes)
  • ·flat brushes (various sizes)

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·turpentine
  • ·medium gloss

Use a high-quality canvas and artist-grade oil paints for best results. Consider using a medium to thin the paints and improve flow.

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