Self portrait (from the Gate of Calais)

Lightly sketch the overall oval shape and the basic proportions of the figure within.

Refine the sketch, paying attention to the angle of the head and the placement of features.

Begin adding the darkest areas using hatching and cross-hatching, defining the hat and coat.

Gradually build up the mid-tones with lighter hatching, creating the form of the face and hair.

Add the details of the book and hand, using precise lines.

Work on the background hatching, ensuring consistent spacing and direction.

Define the inner and outer borders of the oval with clean, even lines.

Add the lettering at the top, carefully copying the style and placement.