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home·artworks·Maximilian Ii of Bavaria
Maximilian Ii of Bavaria by Wilhelm von Kaulbach

plate no. 4798

Maximilian Ii of Bavaria

Wilhelm von Kaulbach

oilRomanticismportraitfigureportraitcolumnscurtainsthronelion
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in portraiture, including accurate proportions and rendering of fabric textures. It also provides practice in creating depth and atmosphere through subtle color variations and value control.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
2

study guide

est. 30 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Create a preliminary sketch to establish the composition and proportions of the figure and background elements.

  2. step 02

    Block in the main shapes and colors using thin washes of paint, focusing on overall values.

  3. step 03

    Develop the background elements, such as the columns, curtains, and throne, gradually adding details and refining the forms.

  4. step 04

    Begin working on the figure, starting with the face and hands, paying close attention to accurate proportions and subtle tonal variations.

  5. step 05

    Develop the clothing and accessories, rendering the textures and details with careful brushwork.

  6. step 06

    Add highlights and shadows to create depth and dimension, focusing on the light source and how it affects the forms.

  7. step 07

    Refine the details and make any necessary adjustments to the composition and color balance.

  8. step 08

    Add final glazes to unify the painting and enhance the colors.

color palette

primary · ivory black · burnt umber · cadmium red · titanium white

secondary · yellow ochre · ultramarine blue · raw sienna

Achieve the subtle skin tones by mixing titanium white, cadmium red, and yellow ochre, adjusting the proportions to create variations in warmth and coolness. Use burnt umber and ivory black to create the dark tones in the clothing and background.

techniques

  • ·portraiture
  • ·fabric rendering
  • ·glazing
  • ·chiaroscuro
  • ·atmospheric perspective

common pitfalls

  • →Inaccurate proportions of the figure.
  • →Overworking the details and losing the overall sense of form.
  • →Failing to create a convincing sense of depth and atmosphere.
  • →Getting the skin tones wrong.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·Stretched canvas 24x36
  • ·Ivory black oil paint
  • ·Burnt umber oil paint
  • ·Cadmium red oil paint
  • ·Titanium white oil paint
  • ·Yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·Round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·Flat brushes (sizes 4, 8)

optional

  • ·Palette knife
  • ·Linseed oil
  • ·Retouch varnish

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. Prepare the canvas with a layer of gesso before beginning to paint.

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oil painting for beginners →how to learn by studying the masters →
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