Farmyard, plate 5 from Regiunculae et Villae Aliquot Ducatus Brabantiae

Begin with a light pencil sketch to establish the basic shapes and composition.

Outline the main structures (buildings, trees) with a fine-tipped pen or liner.

Add details to the buildings, such as the thatched roofs and wall textures, using varying line weights.

Create the foliage of the trees using a combination of short, curved lines and cross-hatching.

Develop the foreground and pathway with horizontal and curved lines, adding texture to the ground.

Use cross-hatching to create shadows and depth, concentrating on areas beneath the roofs and trees.

Add the sky with horizontal lines, leaving some areas lighter to suggest clouds.

Refine the details and add any final touches, such as the chickens in the foreground.