Embarking on a raft

Lightly sketch the main elements: figures, rock, water, and clouds.

Begin with the lightest washes, establishing the overall tonal range of the sky and water.

Layer darker washes to define the forms of the clouds and create depth in the water.

Paint the rock formation using a combination of dry brush and wet-on-wet techniques to create texture.

Carefully paint the figures, paying attention to the details of their clothing and facial expressions.

Add final details such as the lines representing water ripples and the subtle shading on the figures.

Incorporate the calligraphy and seals (if desired) using a fine brush and black ink.

Allow to dry completely.