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home·artworks·Chosen Site
Chosen Site by Paul Klee

plate no. 7366

Chosen Site

Paul Klee, 1940

oilSurrealismcityscapecityscapebuildingsmoonskygeometric shapesabstract

what to study here

It shows how a narrow value range, hard-edged warm blocks, and a loosely worked cool sky can produce glow and legibility together.

The visionGuide describes a nocturne built from three value bands: a rust-red strip at the top, a muted green-gray sky, and a very dark maroon-brown foreground. Against that darkness, a cluster of stacked blocks in ochre, peach, red, and cream sits left of center, and a moon in the upper center is filled with a grid of small rectangular tiles in pinks and yellows. Squint and the moon and city read as two bright shapes floating in shadow. The edges are worth close study. The city blocks are crisp, often separated by thin white or pale lines, while the sky is loose, with visible directional strokes. That softness makes the buildings look more solid. The sky is busy with texture but stays tonally close, so it holds together without competing with the lighter shapes. The moon's tiles are hand-marked linear grids, not mechanical ones. Study how warm lights against a cool dark field create the glow, and how hard and soft edges are assigned by function.

key decision

Klee set crisp, warm, pale-lined building blocks and a tiled moon against a loosely brushed, tonally cohesive green-gray sky. This makes the two light shapes read as luminous focal points.

recreation guide

Paul Klee’s *Chosen Site* (1940) represents a pivotal moment in his late career, created during his final year in Switzerland while battling scleroderma. Unlike his earlier mystical-abstract works or the hieroglyphic compositions of the late 1930s, this piece is described as a 'comparatively realistic still life' that stands in stark contrast to his previous output (Source 3). The work depicts flowers, a green pot, a sculpture, and an angel, set against a black ground with a separated moon (Source 3). This shift toward realism, albeit likely filtered through Klee’s unique symbolic lens, marks a departure from the 'cool romanticism of abstraction' he developed after his 1914 Tunis trip (Source 1). The painting was left unsigned on the scaffold, suggesting a sense of finality or resignation associated with his declining health and the political turmoil of the era (Source 3).

estimated time

20-30 hours over 5-7 sessions

materials

7 items

steps

6 in sequence

materials

itempurposemodern equivalent
Oil paintsPrimary medium for the final layer—
Canvas or heavy paperSupport for the oil paintingLinen canvas or heavy watercolor paper sized for oil
Black pigment (e.g., Ivory Black or Mars Black)To create the 'black ground' described in the source—
Green pigmentFor the 'green pot' mentioned in the description—
White pigmentFor the 'white face' elements or highlights, consistent with Klee's use of white in late works—
Brushes (various sizes)For applying oil paint with varying opacity—
Medium (linseed oil or similar)For glazing and scumbling techniquesStand oil or walnut oil

preparation

surface prep

Given Klee’s background in watercolor and his transition to oil in his later years, the surface should be prepared to accept both opaque and transparent layers. While specific prep for *Chosen Site* is not detailed, Klee’s general practice involved combining draftsmanship with color (Source 1). A neutral or toned ground may be beneficial to allow for the 'glazing and scumbling' techniques described in traditional oil painting practice, which Klee may have employed to achieve depth and luminosity (Source 4).

underdrawing

Klee was a master draftsman, and his work often combined 'drawing and the realm of color' (Source 1). For a 'comparatively realistic' work like *Chosen Site*, a precise underdrawing is likely necessary to establish the positions of the flowers, pot, sculpture, and angel. Contour drawing techniques, which emphasize mass and volume rather than minor details, would be appropriate to define the forms before applying color (Source 7).

underpainting

Traditional oil painting methods often involve a grisaille (monochrome underpainting) to establish values before adding color (Source 4). Klee’s late works, including *Der Todesengel* (another name for *Chosen Site*), feature a 'black ground' (Source 3). This suggests a dark underpainting or ground might have been used to create contrast for the lighter elements like the angel and flowers. The 'black ground' could be part of the underpainting or the final background.

color palette

Black

Ivory Black or Mars Black

The 'black ground' separating the moon from the main group (Source 3)

Green

Viridian or Chromium Oxide Green

The 'green pot' (Source 3)

White

Titanium White or Lead White

Highlights and potentially the 'white face' if present, though the source mentions a white face in *Insula dulcamara*, not necessarily *Chosen Site*. However, white is essential for the angel and flowers.

Earth Tones

Umber, Ochre

General use in Klee’s palette for sculptures and organic forms

Pale Colors

Diluted oils

Klee’s early experiments involved 'pale watercolors' (Source 1), and his late oil works may retain a sense of luminosity through glazing.

composition

The composition of *Chosen Site* is described as having a 'moon on black ground' that is 'separated from these groups' (flowers, pot, sculpture, angel) (Source 3). This separation suggests a deliberate spatial division, possibly using the black background to isolate the celestial element from the terrestrial still life. The arrangement is 'comparatively realistic' but likely retains Klee’s symbolic approach, where objects are not merely depicted but carry personal or political meaning (Source 3).

step by step

underdrawing→underpainting→first pass→refining→finishing→varnishing

underdrawing

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic forms of the flowers, green pot, sculpture, and angel using contour lines to establish mass and volume.

    Tip — Focus on the outline and form rather than minor details, as per contour drawing principles (Source 7).

    Contour drawing

underpainting

  1. step 02

    Apply a black ground to the background, ensuring it covers the area designated for the moon and the space behind the still life.

    Tip — Ensure the black ground is dry before proceeding to avoid muddying the colors.

    Monochrome underpainting

first pass

  1. step 03

    Block in the main colors of the flowers, pot, sculpture, and angel using opaque oil paint.

    Tip — Use the 'green pot' as a key color anchor (Source 3).

    Direct painting

refining

  1. step 04

    Apply glazes and scumbles to refine the colors and create depth. Use transparent coats of color to adjust hues and values.

    Tip — Glazing adds transparency, while scumbling adds semi-opaque texture, allowing the underlying layers to show through (Source 4).

    Glazing and scumbling

finishing

  1. step 05

    Detail the angel and flowers, ensuring the separation from the black ground is clear. Add the moon as a distinct element.

    Tip — Maintain the 'comparatively realistic' style while infusing the symbolic weight Klee is known for (Source 3).

    Detailing

varnishing

  1. step 06

    Apply a final varnish to protect the painting and enhance the colors.

    Tip — Wait until the painting is completely dry to avoid trapping solvents.

    Varnishing

critical techniques

Glazing and Scumbling

These techniques allow for the creation of luminous colors and complex textures, which Klee may have used to achieve the 'realistic' yet symbolic quality of *Chosen Site* (Source 4).

Contour Drawing

Used to establish the forms of the still life elements with emphasis on mass and volume rather than fine detail (Source 7).

Symbolic Realism

Klee’s late works combine realistic depiction with symbolic meaning, reflecting his personal fate and the political situation (Source 3).

common pitfalls

  • →Over-detailing the still life elements, losing the symbolic weight and 'comparatively realistic' balance Klee achieved (Source 3).
  • →Failing to properly separate the moon from the main group, which is a key compositional feature (Source 3).
  • →Using opaque paint exclusively, missing the opportunity to use glazing and scumbling for depth and luminosity (Source 4).
  • →Ignoring the black ground’s role in isolating the moon and enhancing the contrast of the still life (Source 3).

what the sources don't tell us

Where the corpus is silent, we say so rather than guess. These are the gaps a complete recreation guide would normally cover that our source passages don't.

  • ·The exact dimensions of *Chosen Site* are not provided in the sources, though Klee’s late works were often large (Source 3).
  • ·The specific pigments Klee used for *Chosen Site* are not detailed, so modern equivalents are suggested.
  • ·The precise arrangement of the flowers, sculpture, and angel is not described in detail, requiring interpretation based on the 'comparatively realistic' description (Source 3).
  • ·Klee’s specific brushwork for this painting is not documented, so general oil painting techniques are applied.

grounded in

The technical procedure in this guide traces to the following classical art-instruction texts.

  • The Practice of Oil Painting — COLOURING A MONOCHROME↗

    • Glazing and Scumbling — applied to Techniques for applying color over a monochrome ground to achieve depth and luminosity.

cross-referenced from

Named facts about this artwork and artist were checked against these reference pages.

  • Wikipedia bio — Paul Klee — part 13↗

    • Last works in Switzerland — applied to Description of *Chosen Site* as a realistic still life with specific elements (flowers, green pot, sculpture, angel, moon on black ground) and its context in Klee’s late career.
  • Wikipedia: Contour drawing — Contour drawing — part 1↗

    • Technique — applied to Underdrawing approach to establish form and mass.
  • Wikipedia bio — Paul Klee — part 4↗

    • Trip to Tunis, 1914 — applied to Klee’s general approach to combining drawing and color, and his use of color blocks.

Read more about the corpus on the sources page and how the guides are built on the methods page.

read from the painting

observed from the image, not the label
6 dominant colors, measured

what the eye sees

A surreal nocturne where a geometric moon dominates the upper-center sky, its interior rendered as a complex grid of small rectangular tiles in warm pinks and yellows. Below sits an abstract cityscape clustered in the left-center, built from stacked blocks in warm ochres, peaches, reds, and cream tones. The composition divides sharply: the upper third transitions from rust-red at the very top into a muted dark green-gray that fills most of the sky, while the bottom is anchored by a deep maroon-brown foreground. The eye enters through the glowing moon, then drops to the luminous city cluster against the cool, atmospheric void.

value structure

The painting operates in three distinct value bands: a dark red-rust zone at the very top, a mid-toned but optically dark green-gray sky, and a very dark maroon-brown at ground level. The buildings create the highest value accent—pale creams and warm mid-tones that read almost as light against the surrounding darkness. When you squint, the moon and the city cluster read as two bright focal points floating in deep shadow; the sky itself is deceptive—visually busy with texture but tonally cohesive.

observed palette and mixes

  • #944f48

    Alizarin + Raw Sienna, with touches of black

    The rust-red band at the top edge; also shadows within building blocks

  • #5d6159

    Ultramarine + Raw Sienna + white, leaning cool

    Primary sky tone, the dominant green-gray atmospheric field

  • #4d4241

    Burnt Sienna + Ultramarine or Mars Black

    Deep foreground band and darkest building shadows

  • #ad8b78

    Yellow Ochre + white, warm ochre tone

    Cream and pale peach building blocks; mid-tone structure

  • #e8c9a0

    Cadmium Yellow Light + Titanium White with touch of Cadmium Orange

    Lightest building faces and moon interior tessellations

  • #d97654

    Cadmium Orange + Alizarin, warm rust

    Mid-tone building blocks and moon interior warm squares

edges and brushwork

The city blocks have crisp, defined edges—often with thin white or light lines separating each geometric unit, giving clear architectural legibility. The sky, by contrast, shows loose, atmospheric brushwork with visible directional strokes and subtle color shifts; this softness makes the hard-edged buildings read as even more sculptural. The moon interior features distinct linear mark-making in a grid pattern, suggesting both precision and the hand-made texture of an older painting.

a working sequence

  1. 01

    Map the major zones

    Lightly sketch or tone the composition into three value zones: a rust-red band across the top (roughly 10-15% of height), a muted green-gray sky filling the middle and upper area, and a deep maroon-brown foreground band at the bottom (roughly 15-20% of height). Work loosely; this is your value scaffold.

  2. 02

    Establish the moon

    Paint a circular disc in the upper-center area using a warm pink-orange base. Inside, use a ruler or careful freehand work to define a grid of small rectangular tiles in warm yellows, oranges, and pale pinks—let some tiles overlap or shift slightly in tone to avoid mechanical perfection. Keep the outer edge slightly soft to read as luminous.

  3. 03

    Block in the city cluster

    Using warm ochres, peaches, creams, and deeper rust-reds, paint the main cluster of buildings rising from the left-center foreground. Build it as overlapping rectangular blocks, with the tallest central tower reaching upward. Leave small passages of sky visible between buildings to suggest depth and geometric complexity.

  4. 04

    Develop the sky atmosphere

    Work across the green-gray sky with soft brushwork, introducing subtle variations in tone—slightly warmer near the red band at top, slightly cooler and more muted in the middle distances. The texture should feel atmospheric and hand-painted, not flat. Allow some warm building colors to influence the shadow tones immediately around them.

  5. 05

    Define building edges and white separations

    Add thin, deliberate white or very pale cream lines between and around the building blocks to clarify the geometric structure. These separations are key to readability; they act like mortar lines. Strengthen some edges while keeping others softer to create depth—buildings closer to foreground have sharper definition.

  6. 06

    Add depth and final refinement

    Darken the immediate foreground band to anchor the composition. Add subtle warm glazes or dry-brush texture to the sky to enhance the sense of night atmosphere. Refine any building faces that read too flat by introducing reflected light or shadow variation within individual blocks.

  7. 07

    Unify and assess

    Step back and check value relationships: the buildings should glow against the sky, the moon should read as distinct, and the foreground should feel very dark. Soften any edges that feel too harsh in the sky, and strengthen any geometric passages in the city that feel uncertain. The overall effect should balance geometric clarity with atmospheric mystery.

where studies of this painting go wrong

  • The moon's interior grid can easily become too uniform and mechanical—vary tile sizes and tones slightly, and resist the urge to make every square perfect
  • The sky can flatten into a dead, uniform wash; keep working it with layered, directional brushstrokes to maintain atmospheric depth even in its muted tone
  • Building blocks can blur together if you don't commit to the white separations between them—these lines are essential structure, not afterthoughts
  • The warm buildings against cool sky is a powerful value contrast; over-softening the transition or muddying the warm tones will lose the luminosity that makes the composition work

measured difficulty

beginner friendliness
value contrast
palette complexity
compositional simplicity
brushwork visibility

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