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Calvary by John Martin

plate no. 3812

Calvary

John Martin, 1840

oilRomanticismreligious paintingcityscapefigurescrossesskycloudsreligious scene
experienced study

This painting offers a great opportunity to practice atmospheric perspective and creating depth through value changes. Students can learn to simplify complex scenes and suggest details rather than rendering them precisely.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
2

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the placement of the city, crosses, and figures.

  2. step 02

    Establish the dark background using a mix of dark browns and blues.

  3. step 03

    Begin blocking in the city with lighter shades of brown and gray, paying attention to the perspective.

  4. step 04

    Paint the sky with a blend of blues, grays, and hints of red to create a dramatic effect.

  5. step 05

    Add the crosses and figures, focusing on their silhouettes and basic forms.

  6. step 06

    Introduce highlights on the figures and the city to create focal points.

  7. step 07

    Refine the details of the figures and the city, adding subtle variations in color and texture.

  8. step 08

    Add final touches to the sky and background to enhance the overall atmosphere.

color palette

primary · burnt umber · ivory black · titanium white

secondary · ultramarine blue · cadmium red light · yellow ochre

Achieve the dark, moody tones by mixing burnt umber and ivory black. Use titanium white to create highlights and lighter shades. Mix ultramarine blue and burnt umber for the dark sky. Add small amounts of cadmium red light to create the reddish glow in the sky and on the figures.

techniques

  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·grisaille underpainting
  • ·scumbling
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·blending

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details, leading to a loss of atmosphere.
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure, resulting in a flat painting.
  • →Using colors that are too bright or saturated, disrupting the overall mood.
  • →Not simplifying the complex scene enough, making the painting look cluttered.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas 18x24
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·ultramarine blue oil paint
  • ·round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·flat brushes (sizes 4, 8)
  • ·linseed oil

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·retouch varnish
  • ·medium (e.g. Liquin)

Using a toned canvas (e.g., a light brown or gray) can help establish the dark mood of the painting more easily.

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