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home·artworks·What of the War
What of the War by Philip Wilson Steer

plate no. 9197

What of the War

Philip Wilson Steer, 1881

oilImpressionismportraitportraitmannewspaperbeardclothingfigure
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in portraiture, particularly capturing likeness and expression, as well as understanding and applying chiaroscuro to create depth and form. It also provides practice in rendering textures like hair and fabric.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
4

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Begin with a light sketch to establish the basic proportions and composition.

  2. step 02

    Block in the large areas of color, focusing on the overall value structure.

  3. step 03

    Establish the darkest darks and lightest lights to create a sense of depth.

  4. step 04

    Refine the facial features, paying close attention to the eyes, nose, and mouth.

  5. step 05

    Work on the details of the beard and hair, using short, broken brushstrokes.

  6. step 06

    Develop the folds and shadows in the clothing and newspaper.

  7. step 07

    Soften edges and blend colors as needed to create a sense of atmosphere.

  8. step 08

    Add final highlights and details to complete the painting.

color palette

primary · raw umber · ivory black · titanium white · yellow ochre

secondary · burnt sienna · ultramarine blue

Mix various shades of brown and gray by combining the primary colors. Use white to lighten the colors and create highlights. Add small amounts of blue or sienna to adjust the temperature of the grays and browns.

techniques

  • ·chiaroscuro
  • ·portraiture
  • ·blending
  • ·layering
  • ·scumbling

common pitfalls

  • →Getting the proportions wrong in the initial sketch.
  • →Overworking the details too early in the process.
  • →Creating muddy colors by overmixing.
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas (16x20 inches)
  • ·oil paints (raw umber, ivory black, titanium white, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, ultramarine blue)
  • ·palette
  • ·palette knife
  • ·assorted brushes (round and flat)
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·turpentine or odorless mineral spirits

optional

  • ·medium (e.g., Liquin)
  • ·varnish

Use a medium-tooth canvas for best results. Consider using a limited palette to simplify the color mixing process.

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related guides

oil painting for beginners →color theory for painters →how to learn by studying the masters →
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