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home·artworks·Tower. Shipwreck
Tower. Shipwreck by Ivan Aivazovsky

plate no. 6653

Tower. Shipwreck

Ivan Aivazovsky, 1847

oil, canvasRomanticismlandscapeseawavescastlerocksskymoonlight
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in creating dramatic lighting effects and rendering realistic waves and atmospheric perspective. It also provides practice in depicting architectural forms in shadow.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
5
compositional simplicity
3

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, placing the castle, rocks, and horizon line.

  2. step 02

    Establish the overall value structure with a thin wash of burnt umber, focusing on the areas of light and shadow.

  3. step 03

    Block in the sky with a mix of yellow ochre, burnt umber, and white, creating a hazy, moonlit effect.

  4. step 04

    Paint the castle and rocks using dark mixtures of burnt umber and black, leaving highlights for later.

  5. step 05

    Begin layering the waves, using short, broken brushstrokes to create texture and movement.

  6. step 06

    Add highlights to the waves and rocks with mixtures of yellow ochre and white, focusing on the areas where the moonlight hits.

  7. step 07

    Refine the details of the castle and rocks, adding windows and other architectural features.

  8. step 08

    Glaze thin layers of color over the painting to unify the composition and enhance the atmospheric effect.

color palette

primary · burnt umber · yellow ochre · titanium white

secondary · ivory black · raw sienna

Achieve the dark tones by mixing burnt umber and ivory black. Create the moonlit glow by mixing yellow ochre and titanium white, and diluting with linseed oil for glazing.

techniques

  • ·glazing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·dry brushing
  • ·chiaroscuro
  • ·atmospheric perspective

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details in the dark areas.
  • →Creating too much contrast in the sky, losing the hazy effect.
  • →Making the waves too uniform and lacking movement.
  • →Not establishing a strong value structure early on.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas 18x24
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·odorless mineral spirits

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·raw sienna oil paint
  • ·medium gloss
  • ·easel

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. Consider toning the canvas with a thin wash of burnt umber before starting.

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oil painting for beginners →how to learn by studying the masters →
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