
plate no. 7862
William Bradford, 1857
This painting provides practice in rendering atmospheric perspective and creating realistic water reflections. Students will learn to mix subtle color variations to depict the sky and sea.
technical profile
approach — 8 steps
Prepare the canvas with a toned ground of burnt sienna.
Sketch the basic shapes of the ships and horizon line, paying attention to perspective.
Block in the sky with a gradient of yellows and oranges, blending softly.
Establish the dark values of the ships and the water.
Develop the details of the ships, including rigging and sails.
Add highlights to the water to create the illusion of waves and reflections.
Refine the clouds and sky, adding subtle color variations.
Add final details, such as birds and small figures on the ships.
color palette
primary · yellow ochre · burnt sienna · ultramarine blue
secondary · titanium white · ivory black · cadmium orange
Mix different proportions of yellow ochre, burnt sienna, and white to achieve the sky's warm glow. Use ultramarine blue and burnt sienna to create the dark tones of the ships and water. Add white for highlights.
techniques
common pitfalls
surface · stretched canvas
required
optional
Use high-quality oil paints for best results. A medium can be added to the paint to improve flow and blending.
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