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home·artworks·Stages of Cruelty
Stages of Cruelty by Ford Madox Brown

plate no. 9479

Stages of Cruelty

Ford Madox Brown, 1890

oilRomanticismallegorical paintingfiguresgardenbrick walldogfoliagestairs
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in portraiture, rendering fabric textures, and creating a sense of depth through layering and atmospheric perspective. It also encourages careful observation of color relationships and subtle value changes.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
3
compositional simplicity
2

study guide

est. 30 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Create a preliminary sketch to establish the composition and proportions of the figures and background elements.

  2. step 02

    Block in the main shapes and colors using thin washes of paint, focusing on the overall value structure.

  3. step 03

    Begin to develop the details of the figures, starting with the faces and hands.

  4. step 04

    Layer in the textures of the clothing, brick wall, and foliage, using a variety of brushstrokes.

  5. step 05

    Refine the lighting and shadows to create a sense of depth and dimension.

  6. step 06

    Add the final details, such as the flowers, embroidery, and dog's fur.

  7. step 07

    Glaze with thin layers of color to unify the painting and enhance the overall atmosphere.

  8. step 08

    Varnish the painting to protect it and bring out the colors.

color palette

primary · titanium white · ultramarine blue · burnt umber · cadmium red

secondary · yellow ochre · viridian green · alizarin crimson

Achieve the muted tones by mixing complementary colors and using white to adjust values. The greens are created by mixing blue and yellow with touches of brown. The flesh tones are built up from reds, yellows, and browns, with careful attention to subtle value changes.

techniques

  • ·portraiture
  • ·fabric rendering
  • ·glazing
  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·scumbling

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details too early in the process.
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure.
  • →Using colors that are too saturated.
  • →Neglecting the importance of subtle value changes in creating form.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas 18x24
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·ultramarine blue oil paint
  • ·burnt umber oil paint
  • ·cadmium red oil paint
  • ·round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·odorless mineral spirits

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·medium gloss
  • ·retouch varnish

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. A medium-tooth canvas will provide a good surface for layering and blending.

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