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home·artworks·She went away accompanied by the Lions
She went away accompanied by the Lions by Arthur Rackham

plate no. 6220

She went away accompanied by the Lions

Arthur Rackham

oilArt Nouveau (Modern)illustrationfigurelionsdressfoliagedark background

what to study here

It shows how a near-black field, hard silhouette edges, and a symmetrical triangle can hold a figure group together with very little tonal variety.

Study how the value structure carries this picture. The background is nearly pure black and uniform, which isolates the woman and the two lions as one silhouette group. Squint and three zones appear: the light face and neck, the medium-dark patterned dress, and the black field around them. The lions flank her symmetrically with heads at waist level, forming a triangle that sends the eye up to her face. Warm light from slightly above and left catches the underside of her chin, the inner curve of her dress, and the manes. Look at the edges. Her profile and dress outline are hard and deliberate, while the lions' fur is built from directional strokes radiating from the mane, so texture comes through line rather than thick paint. The red scroll pattern on the pale skirt is fine, repeated detail set against large simple masses. Copy the restraint: detail is concentrated where you want the eye to go, and the background gets none.

key decision

Rackham set the figures against a nearly uniform, near-black background, so the pale face and neck read as the brightest area and the whole group reads as one silhouette.

recreation guide

Arthur Rackham’s 'She went away accompanied by the Lions' is a quintessential example of his work in the Art Nouveau style, characterized by intricate line work and atmospheric depth. While the specific visual narrative details (such as the exact posture of the lions or the figure's attire) are not described in the provided sources, Rackham’s general practice involves a strong foundation in contour drawing to establish mass and volume before applying color (Source 4). The artwork likely employs a layered approach to oil painting, consistent with the 'old masters' method referenced in the sources, where a monochrome underpainting (grisaille) is used to establish values before glazing and scumbling are applied to build luminosity and texture (Source 1).

estimated time

20-30 hours over 5-7 sessions

materials

5 items

steps

5 in sequence

materials

itempurposemodern equivalent
Oil paints (Ultramarine, White, Black, Yellow, Red tones)For creating the grisaille underpainting and subsequent glazes/scumbles—
Oil of Copavia (or modern linseed/walnut oil)Medium for the first and second paintings as per Reynolds' method citedStand oil or linseed oil
VarnishMixed with oil for later glazing stages to gain mastery over transparencyDammar varnish
Canvas or PanelSupport for the oil painting—
Charcoal or GraphiteFor initial contour drawing and outlining—

preparation

surface prep

Prepare a standard oil painting ground. While specific priming instructions for Rackham are not in the sources, the technique described involves working on a surface that can support a dry grisaille layer before wet glazing is applied (Source 1).

underdrawing

Begin with a contour drawing to emphasize the mass and volume of the figures (the woman and lions) rather than minor details. Use continuous lines to create a silhouette, focusing on the outlined shape and three-dimensional perspective (Source 4). This outline basis is historically consistent with the methods of masters like Leonardo and Raphael, who used it to hold pictures together (Source 8).

underpainting

Create a grisaille (monochrome) underpainting using black, ultramarine, and white mixed with oil of copavia (Source 1). This step mentally extracts red and yellow colors, translating what would be left in nature if those colors were absent (Source 1). This establishes the value structure and form before color is introduced.

color palette

Ultramarine/Black/White

Ultramarine, Ivory Black, Titanium White

Grisaille underpainting to establish values and form

Yellow and Red tones

Yellow Ochre, Cadmium Red, or similar transparent oils

Glazing and scumbling over the dry grisaille to introduce color, similar to tinting an engraving

Grey Bloom

Scumbled semi-opaque paint over darker ground

Creating coldness and atmospheric effects, particularly in shadows or distant areas

composition

While the specific arrangement of 'She went away accompanied by the Lions' is not detailed in the sources, Rackham’s compositions likely rely on the rhythmic power of lines. Artists of this period often used abstract lines underlying the expression to direct the spectator's attention, avoiding the corners of the rectangular canvas by filling them with dark masses or swinging lines to guide the eye to the center (Source 6). The composition balances the vertical and horizontal boundaries with the organic forms of the figures (Source 3).

step by step

underdrawing→underpainting→refining→finishing

underdrawing

  1. step 01

    Sketch the figures using contour drawing techniques, focusing on the outline and mass of the woman and lions.

    Tip — Do not look at the paper constantly; rely on sensation and instinct to capture the form's weight and space (Source 4).

    Contour Drawing

underpainting

  1. step 02

    Apply a monochrome layer using black, ultramarine, and white with oil of copavia as the medium.

    Tip — Mentally extract red and yellow colors, focusing only on the values that remain (Source 1).

    Grisaille

refining

  1. step 03

    Allow the grisaille to dry completely.

    Tip — Ensure the layer is quite dry before proceeding to avoid muddying the glazes (Source 1).

    Drying

finishing

  1. step 04

    Glaze and scumble with oil, introducing yellow and red tones as they occur in the design.

    Tip — Glazing is a transparent coat; scumbling is semi-opaque. Use scumbling over darker grounds to create a grey bloom or coldness (Source 1).

    Glazing and Scumbling

  2. step 05

    If mastery is gained, mix varnish with oil for subsequent glazing layers to enhance luminosity.

    Tip — This mimics the method of old masters and allows for greater transparency and depth (Source 1).

    Varnish Glazing

critical techniques

Glazing

Applying a transparent coat of color over a dry underpainting to build luminosity and depth, a method practiced by old masters and recommended for achieving mastery (Source 1).

Scumbling

Applying semi-opaque paint through which the underlying painting shows, often used over darker grounds to create coldness or grey blooms (Source 1).

Contour Drawing

Using lines to emphasize mass and volume rather than detail, serving as a strong foundation for the painting (Source 4).

common pitfalls

  • →Attempting to glaze before the grisaille is completely dry, which can ruin the transparency and clarity of the layers (Source 1).
  • →Over-modeling or becoming too tied down to the outline, which can lead to smallness and lack of broad mass (Source 2).
  • →Ignoring the simultaneous contrast of colors, where adjacent colors affect each other's appearance, leading to inaccurate color perception (Source 7).
  • →Allowing the accumulation of visual details to obscure the main idea and emotional appeal of the composition (Source 8).

what the sources don't tell us

Where the corpus is silent, we say so rather than guess. These are the gaps a complete recreation guide would normally cover that our source passages don't.

  • ·Specific visual details of the artwork (e.g., the exact number of lions, the woman's clothing, the background setting) are not described in the sources.
  • ·Arthur Rackham's specific personal palette preferences are not detailed; the guide relies on general oil painting practices and Reynolds' method cited in the sources.
  • ·The exact year of creation is not available, so period-specific material constraints are inferred from general Art Nouveau and oil painting traditions.

grounded in

The technical procedure in this guide traces to the following classical art-instruction texts.

  • The Practice of Oil Painting↗

    • COLOURING A MONOCHROME — applied to Underpainting, glazing, and scumbling techniques
  • The Practice and Science of Drawing↗

    • ILLUSTRATING SOME OF THE LINES ON WHICH THE RHYTHMIC POWER OF THIS PICTURE DEPENDS — applied to Composition and line direction
    • STUDY BY WATTEAU — applied to Historical context of outline basis and emotional appeal
  • Laws of Contrast of Colour↗

    • 315-318 — applied to Color perception and simultaneous contrast warnings

cross-referenced from

Named facts about this artwork and artist were checked against these reference pages.

  • Wikipedia: Contour drawing↗

    • Contour drawing — applied to Underdrawing and outline creation

Read more about the corpus on the sources page and how the guides are built on the methods page.

read from the painting

observed from the image, not the label
6 dominant colors, measured

what the eye sees

A woman in profile stands centered and slightly elevated, wearing a patterned crimson dress with a flowing pale skirt decorated with red scroll motifs. Two lions flank her—one on each side—their heads level with her waist, creating a triangular composition that draws the eye upward to her face. A nearly black background (almost pure shadow) isolates the entire figure group, while warm ambient light catches the underside of her chin, the inner curve of her dress, and the lions' manes, suggesting light source from slightly above and to the left. The eye enters at her face, travels down the rich red pattern of her bodice, then distributes equally to the two symmetrical lions.

value structure

The darkest darks are nearly pure black in the background and deep shadows under the lions' chins and within their manes; the lightest lights are the pale cream-tan of her exposed neck, the inner folds of her skirt, and selective highlights on the lions' fur. There is a distinct middle value group in her dress pattern and the lions' bodies. Squinting reveals three clear zones: the bright face-and-neck, the medium-dark dress, and the near-black background that frames everything.

observed palette and mixes

  • #231c1a

    Ivory black + burnt umber, slightly warmed

    Background, deepest shadows in manes, folds beneath lions' bodies

  • #c09b84

    Raw sienna + white + touch of cerulean blue (desaturated tan)

    Woman's neck, face, inner skirt folds, lions' underside fur highlights

  • #dfc7ac

    Raw sienna + white + small amount of crimson for warmth

    Lightest folds of the skirt, catch-light on her cheek and neck

  • #66483e

    Burnt umber + crimson, subdued

    Lions' mane shadows, mid-tone fur, outer dress contours

  • #8b3a3a

    Crimson + burnt umber

    Red scroll pattern on skirt, bodice brocade, ribbon accents

edges and brushwork

Edges are characteristically Rackham: hard and deliberate around the woman's profile and dress silhouette, with fine detail work visible in the repeating scroll pattern on her skirt. The lions' fur uses directional strokes that follow the form—radiating outward from the mane—creating texture through line rather than thick impasto. The background is nearly uniform and matte, possibly worked with a broader tool, creating strong value contrast without texture.

a working sequence

  1. 01

    Establish the dark field

    Lay in the background with a mixture of ivory black and burnt umber, keeping it nearly uniform and very dark. Use a medium-sized round or flat brush, working around the silhouettes of the woman and lions but not worrying about precision yet. Leave this slightly warm rather than pure black—the burnt umber will give it depth.

  2. 02

    Block the woman's profile and dress shape

    Using a medium round, paint the woman's neck and face with the pale tan mixture (#c09b84). Then block in her dress in two zones: the upper bodice in a mid-crimson, and the lower skirt in pale cream. Work loosely at this stage; focus on proportions and the basic division between fabric textures.

  3. 03

    Establish the lions' basic forms

    Block in both lions with the warm mid-brown tone (#66483e), defining their heads, necks, and visible body mass. Keep their edges soft against the background initially. Position their heads so the mane line is roughly level with the woman's hip—this is a key proportion.

  4. 04

    Develop the woman's facial features and hair

    Refine her profile: darken the background around her cheek and jawline with a small brush, then add subtle modeling to her neck and the underside of her chin with the lighter tan. Her hair appears swept back; use the pale tan for highlights on the crown and sides, then shadow with burnt umber + a touch of the background mix. Her eye should be dark and placed clearly on the profile line.

  5. 05

    Paint the scroll pattern on the skirt

    Using a small round brush and crimson + burnt umber mix, carefully draw the repeating scroll/spiral pattern across the pale skirt. The motifs are roughly evenly spaced and follow the fabric's flow downward. This requires a steady hand and patience—work slowly, letting the paint dry between sections if needed to avoid muddying the pale undercoat.

  6. 06

    Refine the bodice brocade and dress folds

    The upper dress shows a red patterned fabric; layer crimson and burnt umber to suggest texture and depth, darker in the shadowed folds near her body. Paint visible folds in the pale skirt using the tan and light cream, with subtle gray-brown shadows (burnt umber + touch of black) in the deepest creases. The fabric should read as heavy and gathered.

  7. 07

    Develop the lions' manes and fur texture

    Using a small round, paint directional strokes radiating from the mane centers outward, varying between burnt umber, the warm mid-brown, and the pale tan for highlights. The manes are dark and voluminous; leave the strokes visible. Work the front-facing lion's mane to show it is slightly closer. Add darkest shadows (nearly black) in the interior of the manes where they meet the body.

  8. 08

    Define edges and final details

    Sharpen the silhouettes of the woman and lions against the background using a small brush and the dark background mix. Reinforce the hard edge of her profile, the inner contours of her dress, and the top of the lions' heads. Add catch-lights: a small pale highlight on the woman's cheek, subtle gleams on the lions' fur where light catches the outer edges of their manes.

  9. 09

    Unify and adjust values

    Step back and assess the overall value range. The background should be noticeably darker than any other element. If the dress pattern reads too bright, tone it slightly. The lions' fur should sit between the background and the woman's skin in value. Make final adjustments to ensure the woman's face reads as the brightest, most luminous area—this is the focal point.

where studies of this painting go wrong

  • Making the background too light or too brown—it must be nearly black to frame the figure group and create the distinctive Art Nouveau silhouette effect. Resist the urge to add detail or texture to the background.
  • Losing the scroll pattern on the skirt through muddy overpaint. The pale cream base must be dry and solid before laying the crimson pattern, or use a small brush with minimal medium to keep lines clean.
  • Treating the lions as background elements rather than co-subjects. Their manes must read as three-dimensional and textured through directional brushwork; they are as important compositionally as the woman's dress.
  • Overworking the woman's face and neck. These areas should be smooth and luminous with minimal visible brushwork; keep them cleaner and more refined than the textured dress and manes to maintain her as the focal point.

measured difficulty

beginner friendliness
value contrast
palette complexity
compositional simplicity
brushwork visibility

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