
plate no. 5074
William Bradford, 1866
Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in atmospheric perspective and rendering complex textures like ice and smoke. It also provides practice in depicting a dramatic scene with a strong sense of depth.
technical profile
approach — 8 steps
Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the placement of the icebergs, ships, and figures.
Establish the overall value structure with a thin wash of neutral colors.
Block in the large shapes of the icebergs, paying attention to their angles and planes.
Develop the sky and distant water, blending colors to create atmospheric perspective.
Add details to the ships, including the rigging and sails.
Paint the figures, focusing on their gestures and poses.
Refine the details of the icebergs, adding highlights and shadows to create depth.
Add final touches, such as the smoke and reflections in the water.
color palette
primary · titanium white · ivory black · ultramarine blue
secondary · burnt umber · yellow ochre · cadmium red
Achieve the cool tones of the ice by mixing white with small amounts of blue and umber. Create the dark, smoky atmosphere by blending black, umber, and a touch of red.
techniques
common pitfalls
surface · stretched canvas
required
optional
Use high-quality oil paints for best results. Allow each layer to dry before applying the next.
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