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home·artworks·Portrait of Napoleon I
Portrait of Napoleon I by Charles de Steuben

plate no. 1001

Portrait of Napoleon I

Charles de Steuben, 1812

oil, canvasRomanticismportraitportraitfiguremilitaryuniformhistoricalsymbols
experienced study

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in portraiture, including accurate proportions, subtle skin tone variations, and rendering of textures like fabric and metal. It also provides practice in depicting complex details like medals and embroidery.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
3

study guide

est. 20 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic proportions of the figure and the placement of key elements like the head, shoulders, and hands.

  2. step 02

    Block in the main areas of color: the background, the uniform, and the face.

  3. step 03

    Begin refining the skin tones, paying close attention to the subtle shifts in value and hue.

  4. step 04

    Develop the details of the uniform, including the embroidery, medals, and buttons.

  5. step 05

    Add highlights and shadows to create depth and dimension.

  6. step 06

    Paint the still life elements at the bottom of the painting.

  7. step 07

    Refine the details and make any necessary adjustments to the composition.

  8. step 08

    Add final glazes to unify the painting and enhance the colors.

color palette

primary · ivory black · titanium white · raw umber · cadmium red

secondary · yellow ochre · ultramarine blue · burnt sienna

Achieve skin tones by mixing white, red, yellow ochre, and a touch of raw umber. Use ivory black and white for the uniform, adding small amounts of blue or umber to adjust the tone. Mix yellow ochre and burnt sienna for the gold details.

techniques

  • ·portraiture
  • ·glazing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·underpainting
  • ·rendering of metallic textures

common pitfalls

  • →Inaccurate proportions of the face and body.
  • →Overly harsh or flat skin tones.
  • →Lack of attention to detail in the uniform and accessories.
  • →Difficulty capturing the likeness of the subject.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·oil paints
  • ·assorted brushes (round and flat)
  • ·palette
  • ·palette knife
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·turpentine
  • ·rags

optional

  • ·medium gloss
  • ·retouch varnish
  • ·easel

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. A medium-sized canvas (e.g., 16x20 inches) is recommended.

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