
plate no. 9258
Joseph Wright, 1780
recreation guide
Joseph Wright of Derby’s *Matlock Tor by Daylight* (1780) is a landscape work situated within the Romantic tradition, which emphasized wilder landscapes and dramatic atmospheric effects over strict topographical accuracy (Source 6). While Wright is most famously associated with candlelit interior scenes featuring dramatic chiaroscuro, such as *A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery* (Source 3), his landscape works like *Dovedale by Sunlight* demonstrate his ability to capture the specific colors of daylight and rural scenery (Source 3). This painting likely reflects the artist’s interest in the interplay of light and shadow, a hallmark of his style, even in outdoor settings. The work represents a shift from the low-status genre of landscape painting toward a more heroic or dramatic interpretation, consistent with the Romantic movement’s elevation of natural scenery (Source 6, Source 8).
estimated time
20-30 hours over 5-7 sessions
materials
5 items
steps
6 in sequence
materials
| item | purpose | modern equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| Oil paints (Ultramarine, White, Black, Yellow ochre/lead-tin yellow, Red ochre/vermilion) | Primary pigments for grisaille and glazing layers | Modern tube oils: Ultramarine Blue, Titanium White, Ivory Black, Yellow Ochre, Cadmium Red |
| Oil of Copavia (or modern linseed oil/walnut oil) | Medium for the first and second paintings, as cited by Reynolds regarding Wright's contemporary practice | Stand oil or pure linseed oil |
| Canvas | Support for the oil painting | Linen or cotton canvas, primed |
| Varnish | Mixed with oil for later glazing stages to gain mastery over transparency | Dammar varnish or modern painting medium |
| Palette knife and brushes | For applying scumbles and glazes | Standard hog bristle and sable brushes |
preparation
surface prep
The canvas should be prepared with a standard white or off-white ground. While specific preparation for *Matlock Tor* is not detailed, Wright’s contemporaries like Sir Joshua Reynolds used oil of copavia as a medium for initial layers (Source 1). The surface must be dry before proceeding to the grisaille stage.
underdrawing
Wright’s preparatory methods for landscapes are not explicitly detailed in the provided sources. However, given his scientific interest and precise rendering of light in other works, a careful charcoal or thinned oil underdrawing is likely to establish the dramatic lighting effects characteristic of his style (Source 3).
underpainting
The process likely begins with a monochrome underpainting, or grisaille. The artist should mentally extract red and yellow colors, translating what would remain in nature if these colors were absent, creating a value structure in black, ultramarine, and white (Source 1). This aligns with Reynolds’ description of the first and second paintings using black, ultramarine, and white (Source 1).
color palette
Ultramarine
Pure ultramarine pigment
Shadows and cool tones in the grisaille and glazing stages
White
Lead white or modern titanium white
Highlights and mixing with ultramarine/black for the grisaille
Black
Ivory black or lamp black
Deep shadows and defining forms in the grisaille
Yellow tones
Yellow ochre or lead-tin yellow
Glazing and scumbling to introduce daylight warmth, as Wright captured 'colours of day' in companion pieces (Source 3)
Red tones
Red ochre or vermilion
Glazing and scumbling to introduce warmth and earth tones, applied as transparent or semi-opaque layers (Source 1)
composition
The composition likely features a wide view of natural scenery, consistent with the definition of landscape painting which arranges elements like mountains, valleys, and sky into a coherent whole (Source 8). Wright’s landscapes often include dramatic lighting; while *Matlock Tor* is by daylight, the artist’s habit of using chiaroscuro suggests strong contrasts between light and shadow areas (Source 3). The sky is almost always included, and weather may be an element of the composition (Source 8).
step by step
underpainting
step 01
Create a grisaille underpainting using black, ultramarine, and white. Mentally extract red and yellow colors to establish the value structure of the scene.
Tip — Ensure the grisaille is quite dry before proceeding.
Grisaille
first pass
step 02
Apply glazes of yellow and red tones over the dry grisaille. Use oil as a medium initially.
Tip — Glazing is a transparent coat of color; apply it thinly to allow the underlying painting to show through.
Glazing
refining
step 03
Use scumbling to add semi-opaque layers, particularly for lighter tones or atmospheric effects. Scumbling over a darker ground can create a cold, grey bloom.
Tip — Scumbling is semi-opaque; the underlying painting makes itself felt through this layer.
Scumbling
step 04
Adjust color harmony by considering simultaneous contrast. Be aware that adjacent colors will influence each other’s appearance, potentially shifting hues.
Tip — The eye may see the complementary of a previously viewed color; adjust tones to ensure accurate perception.
Simultaneous Contrast
finishing
step 05
Refine highlights and shadows, ensuring the dramatic lighting characteristic of Wright’s style is maintained. Use varnish mixed with oil for final glazes if mastery allows.
Tip — Varnish mixed with oil can provide greater transparency and depth.
Glazing with Varnish
varnishing
step 06
Allow the painting to dry completely before applying a final protective varnish.
Tip — Ensure the painting is fully cured to prevent cracking.
Varnishing
critical techniques
Glazing and Scumbling
Wright’s contemporaries and old masters used glazing (transparent coats) and scumbling (semi-opaque layers) to build color and depth. This method allows for the extraction of red and yellow tones in the final stages, creating a luminous effect.
Chiaroscuro
Wright is noted for dramatic chiaroscuro, even in landscape works. This involves strong contrasts between light and dark to create volume and drama.
Simultaneous Contrast
Understanding how adjacent colors affect each other is crucial for accurate color representation, especially in daylight scenes where atmospheric effects are prominent.
common pitfalls
what the sources don't tell us
Where the corpus is silent, we say so rather than guess. These are the gaps a complete recreation guide would normally cover that our source passages don't.
grounded in
The technical procedure in this guide traces to the following classical art-instruction texts.
The Practice of Oil Painting↗
Laws of Contrast of Colour↗
cross-referenced from
Named facts about this artwork and artist were checked against these reference pages.
Wikipedia: Color theory↗
Wikipedia bio — Joseph Wright↗
Wikipedia: Romanticism↗
Wikipedia: Landscape painting↗
Read more about the corpus on the sources page and how the guides are built on the methods page.
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