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home·artworks·Martha Washington
Martha Washington by Currier and Ives

plate no. 5633

Martha Washington

Currier and Ives, 1872

oilRomanticismportraitportraitfigurehistorical figureclothingheadwearfemale
some experience helpful

Recreating this portrait will help students develop skills in blending skin tones and rendering soft textures. It also provides practice in capturing likeness and subtle shading.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
2
value contrast
3
compositional simplicity
4

study guide

est. 12 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Create a light sketch of the overall composition, focusing on proportions and placement.

  2. step 02

    Block in the main shapes and values with thin washes of color.

  3. step 03

    Begin layering skin tones, starting with mid-tones and gradually adding highlights and shadows.

  4. step 04

    Pay close attention to the subtle color variations in the face and neck.

  5. step 05

    Render the clothing and headwear, focusing on the folds and textures.

  6. step 06

    Refine the details of the face, including the eyes, nose, and mouth.

  7. step 07

    Soften edges and blend colors to create a smooth, realistic effect.

  8. step 08

    Add final highlights and shadows to enhance the form and create depth.

color palette

primary · titanium white · raw umber · burnt sienna · ivory black

secondary · alizarin crimson · ultramarine blue

Mix skin tones by blending white, raw umber, and burnt sienna. Use small amounts of alizarin crimson and ultramarine blue to create cooler shadows and subtle variations.

techniques

  • ·blending
  • ·glazing
  • ·scumbling
  • ·soft edges
  • ·portraiture

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details too early in the process.
  • →Using colors that are too saturated or intense.
  • →Failing to capture the subtle nuances of skin tone.
  • →Creating harsh lines or edges that detract from the overall softness.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·raw umber oil paint
  • ·burnt sienna oil paint
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·round brushes (various sizes)
  • ·palette
  • ·linseed oil

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·medium gloss
  • ·alizarin crimson
  • ·ultramarine blue

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. Consider using a toned canvas to simplify the initial stages of painting.

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related guides

oil painting for beginners →how to learn by studying the masters →
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