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home·artworks·Icebergs in the Atlantic
Icebergs in the Atlantic by Ivan Aivazovsky

plate no. 9010

Icebergs in the Atlantic

Ivan Aivazovsky, 1870

oil, canvasRomanticismlandscapeicebergsshipoceanskycloudswater
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in atmospheric perspective, color mixing for cool tones, and rendering realistic water and ice textures. It also provides practice in depicting a complex subject (the ship) within a landscape.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
4
compositional simplicity
3

study guide

est. 15 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the placement of the icebergs and the ship.

  2. step 02

    Establish the dark values of the sky and the ocean using a thin wash of dark blue and brown.

  3. step 03

    Block in the general shapes of the icebergs with a light blue-green mixture, paying attention to the light source.

  4. step 04

    Add highlights to the icebergs using white mixed with a touch of yellow and blue.

  5. step 05

    Paint the ship, focusing on its silhouette and basic structure. Use dark browns and blacks.

  6. step 06

    Develop the water, using short, broken brushstrokes to create the impression of waves.

  7. step 07

    Refine the details of the icebergs, adding shadows and texture.

  8. step 08

    Add final highlights and details to the ship and the water.

color palette

primary · Prussian Blue · Titanium White · Burnt Umber

secondary · Yellow Ochre · Cadmium Yellow Light · Alizarin Crimson

Achieve the icy blues and greens by mixing Prussian Blue, Titanium White, and a touch of Yellow Ochre. Use Burnt Umber and Prussian Blue for the dark tones of the ocean and ship.

techniques

  • ·Glazing
  • ·Scumbling
  • ·Dry brushing
  • ·Atmospheric perspective
  • ·Broken color

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details too early.
  • →Failing to establish a strong value structure.
  • →Using colors that are too saturated.
  • →Ignoring the effects of atmospheric perspective.

materials

surface · Stretched canvas

required

  • ·Stretched canvas 18x24
  • ·Titanium White oil paint
  • ·Prussian Blue oil paint
  • ·Burnt Umber oil paint
  • ·Yellow Ochre oil paint
  • ·Round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·Flat brushes (sizes 4, 8)
  • ·Odorless mineral spirits

optional

  • ·Palette knife
  • ·Linseed oil
  • ·Retouch varnish

Use high-quality oil paints for best results. Pre-tone the canvas with a thin wash of Burnt Umber to create a warm underpainting.

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