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home·artworks·Cumberland Mountains
Cumberland Mountains by T. C. Steele

plate no. 2682

Cumberland Mountains

T. C. Steele, 1899

oil, canvasImpressionismlandscapelandscapebuildingsfigurestreesskymountains
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in impressionistic brushwork and color mixing to create atmospheric perspective. It also provides practice in depicting figures and animals within a landscape setting.

technical profile

palette complexity
4
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
3
compositional simplicity
3

study guide

est. 12 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Sketch the basic composition, focusing on the placement of the buildings, figures, and horizon line.

  2. step 02

    Block in the large areas of color, starting with the sky and mountains.

  3. step 03

    Establish the basic values for the buildings and trees, paying attention to light and shadow.

  4. step 04

    Begin adding details to the figures and animals, using small brushstrokes to define their forms.

  5. step 05

    Develop the foreground with layers of green and brown, creating texture with varied brushstrokes.

  6. step 06

    Refine the details in the sky and mountains, adding subtle color variations to create depth.

  7. step 07

    Add highlights and shadows to the buildings and trees to enhance their three-dimensionality.

  8. step 08

    Make final adjustments to the overall composition, ensuring that the painting has a sense of balance and harmony.

color palette

primary · ultramarine blue · yellow ochre · burnt umber · titanium white

secondary · cadmium yellow · alizarin crimson · viridian

Mix greens by combining yellow ochre and ultramarine blue, adjusting the ratio for different shades. Create atmospheric perspective by adding white to colors for distant elements.

techniques

  • ·broken color
  • ·impasto
  • ·scumbling
  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·alla prima

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details
  • →Using too much detail in the background
  • →Creating muddy colors by overmixing
  • →Ignoring the importance of value contrast

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·oil paints
  • ·palette
  • ·palette knife
  • ·assorted brushes
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·turpentine

optional

  • ·painting medium
  • ·easel
  • ·rags
  • ·varnish

Use a medium-grit canvas to allow for better paint adhesion and texture. Consider using a limited palette to simplify color mixing.

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related guides

oil painting for beginners →color theory for painters →how to learn by studying the masters →
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