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By the Sea by Gustave Caillebotte

plate no. 5286

By the Sea

Gustave Caillebotte, 1885

oil, canvasImpressionismportraitfigurepathtreeslandscapeskyfield
some experience helpful

Recreating this painting will help students develop skills in color mixing for muted tones and layering brushstrokes to create texture and depth. It's a good exercise in capturing atmospheric perspective and rendering a figure within a landscape.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
4
value contrast
3
compositional simplicity
4

study guide

est. 12 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Lightly sketch the main shapes: figure, path, trees, and horizon line.

  2. step 02

    Block in the large areas of color: sky, field, path, and the figure's clothing.

  3. step 03

    Start defining the values within each area, paying attention to the light and shadow.

  4. step 04

    Add details to the figure, such as the face, hat, and clothing folds.

  5. step 05

    Develop the texture of the trees and foliage with short, broken brushstrokes.

  6. step 06

    Refine the path with variations in color and value to suggest depth.

  7. step 07

    Add final highlights and details to create a sense of realism.

  8. step 08

    Glaze with thin layers to unify the painting and adjust colors as needed.

color palette

primary · ultramarine blue · yellow ochre · titanium white

secondary · burnt umber · cadmium yellow light · viridian

Achieve the muted greens by mixing yellow ochre with ultramarine blue and a touch of white. Use burnt umber and ultramarine blue to create the grays for the figure's clothing and the path.

techniques

  • ·broken color
  • ·scumbling
  • ·atmospheric perspective
  • ·wet-on-dry layering
  • ·color mixing

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details too early in the process.
  • →Failing to establish a clear value structure.
  • →Using colors that are too saturated.
  • →Ignoring the subtle color variations in the landscape.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas 16x20
  • ·oil paints
  • ·round brushes (sizes 2, 4, 6)
  • ·flat brushes (sizes 4, 8)
  • ·palette
  • ·palette knife
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·odorless mineral spirits

optional

  • ·painting medium
  • ·easel
  • ·rags

Use a medium-tooth canvas for better texture. Consider using a limited palette to simplify color mixing.

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related guides

oil painting for beginners →color theory for painters →how to learn by studying the masters →
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