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home·artworks·An old woman standing by a window
An old woman standing by a window by Vilhelm Hammershøi

plate no. 5337

An old woman standing by a window

Vilhelm Hammershøi, 1885

oilImpressionismgenre paintingfigurewindowinteriordresslightwall
some experience helpful

This painting provides an opportunity to practice subtle color mixing and creating a sense of depth through tonal variations. Students can learn to simplify forms and focus on capturing the overall mood and light.

technical profile

palette complexity
3
brushwork visibility
3
value contrast
3
compositional simplicity
4

study guide

est. 8 hrs

approach — 8 steps

  1. step 01

    Lightly sketch the basic shapes: the figure, the window, and the wall.

  2. step 02

    Establish the overall tonal range by applying a thin wash of burnt umber or raw sienna to the entire canvas.

  3. step 03

    Block in the large areas of color: the wall, the dress, and the window area, focusing on the relative values.

  4. step 04

    Refine the shapes and edges of the figure and the window, paying attention to the subtle shifts in tone.

  5. step 05

    Add highlights to the figure's cap and the window frame to create a sense of light.

  6. step 06

    Soften the edges and blend the colors to create a hazy, atmospheric effect.

  7. step 07

    Add subtle details to the figure's hands and the folds of the dress.

  8. step 08

    Make final adjustments to the values and colors to achieve the desired mood and atmosphere.

color palette

primary · raw umber · ivory black · titanium white

secondary · yellow ochre · burnt sienna

Mix various shades of gray by combining ivory black and titanium white. Add small amounts of raw umber or yellow ochre to warm the grays. Use burnt sienna to create the warmer tones in the wall.

techniques

  • ·tonal painting
  • ·glazing
  • ·soft blending
  • ·atmospheric perspective

common pitfalls

  • →Overworking the details and losing the overall simplicity of the painting.
  • →Creating too much contrast and losing the subtle tonal variations.
  • →Using colors that are too bright or saturated.
  • →Not paying attention to the edges and allowing them to become too sharp.

materials

surface · stretched canvas

required

  • ·stretched canvas
  • ·raw umber oil paint
  • ·ivory black oil paint
  • ·titanium white oil paint
  • ·yellow ochre oil paint
  • ·burnt sienna oil paint
  • ·linseed oil
  • ·round brushes (various sizes)

optional

  • ·palette knife
  • ·painting medium
  • ·varnish

Use a fine-grained canvas to achieve smooth blending. Consider using a slightly toned canvas to help establish the overall tonal range.

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related guides

oil painting for beginners →color theory for painters →how to learn by studying the masters →
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